Nowadays, people are required to have 21stcentury skills. The development of these skills can be carried out in all disciplines. One of them is mathematics learning. These skills can be cultivated through various traditional games in Indonesia. This study is a descriptive study to analyze 21 st-century skills for grade 1 elementary school students by implementing traditional games. The analysis included critical thinking, creative, collaborative, and communicative skills, which can be developed as an implementation of traditional games on mathematic learning. The data was collected by observing students and interviewing teachers during the implementation of traditional games. The results were 21 stcentury skills can be developed by implementing the traditional games with mathematics concepts.

This study aims to describe that mathematical literacy can be improved by using traditional games. The Indonesian traditional games which were implemented are "Telor Penyok", "Koba Tiup", "Dakon", and "Sret-sretan". The research method is qualitative descriptive. The data were collected by observation, interview, and documentation. The subjects of this study were 30 students and 5 teachers SD N Kintelan, Yogyakarta. The results of this study were mathematical literacy could be developed by implementing traditional games for elementary school student. There were Understand the problem of the problem given, make a strategy, solve the problem, and communicate he results with conveying evidence.

Mathematics has an abstract object of study. That’s why many students have difficulty understanding Mathematics, especially for slow learners or dyscalculia. This research was conducted based on the needs analysis results at SD N Mertelu and SD Muhammadiyah Sagan Yogyakarta. This study aims to develop and determine the quality of mathematics teaching aids for slow learners and dyscalculia using Montessori media principles. This research method is research and development with research subjects, namely 4 grade III students with the characteristics of slow learner or dyscalculia. The instruments used in this study were questionnaires, interview guides, and observation guidelines. The results showed that mathematics teaching aids have the characteristics of Montessori manipulative, namely attractive, gradation, auto-education, auto-correction, contextual, and have a “very good” quality and suitable for use.

The study aims to understand the use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) as well as learning management which has a very important position in increasing the effectiveness of the teaching and learning process. Various obstacles, difficulties, and limitations are faced in the teaching and learning process, starting from the factors of students, students' families, as well as the use of information technology which is still not optimally and equally distributed both in terms of equipment and management. This study uses a literature review as the research method. Ten articles were the data of this study gained from the digital literature search. The data was then analysed using the content analysis method. The results reveal that it can be seen that effective learning can be applied if the learning management is structured and implemented properly by all related parties. This learning management concept had implications for Indonesian education during the COVID-19 pandemic. It cannot be separated from the use of ICT, where there are still obstacles or limitations both in terms of knowledge and existing facilities for teachers and students. These obstacles can be overcome by optimizing facilities for users and training to improve technical knowledge and use. Educators' and students’ good mastery will enable an increase in the effectiveness and efficiency of the learning process.

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