BACKGROUND/CASE STUDIESDespite decreased blood use, there are supply limitations. Therefore, it is important to determine the number of people potentially eligible to donate blood. This study updates an analysis from 2007 to estimate the pool of eligible blood donors in the United States.STUDY DESIGN/METHODSWe developed a revised epidemiologic model to account for changes in donor exclusion factors based on AABB standards. Donor exclusionary factors were identified and epidemiologic databases selected to enumerate the population prevalence of the donor exclusion factors. Prevalence data were adjusted for age, duration of exclusion, and comorbidities. The number of excluded individuals is calculated to estimate the current size of the eligible blood donor pool. The current study incorporates changes in demographic characteristics that have altered the pool of eligible blood donors.RESULTS/FINDINGSThe pool of eligible blood donors increased by approximately 93.9 million from 111 million persons in 2007 to 204.9 million persons in 2018, while the population of the United States increased by 34 million persons (from 293 million to 327 million). The number of donor exclusion factors increased from 31 to 38. Overall, the pool of eligible blood donors increased from 37.9% to 62.6% of the total population.The single largest change impacting the pool of eligible blood donors is the inclusion of individuals 65 years and older, increasing the eligible blood donor pool by 51 million of the new 93.9 million persons However, this increase in number of potential donors 65 years and older is offset by a corresponding increase in the prevalence of donor exclusion factor impact in individuals aged 65 years and above.CONCLUSIONA very large number of people are potentially eligible to donate blood. Therefore, blood supply limitations appear to be due to other factors. We suggest that these factors are differences in social commitments by changing demographic populations and the elimination of high‐cost blood collection operations by blood suppliers.

Introduction: Utilization of robust quality improvement methodology in conjunction with traditional interventions to enhance an Early Mobility program (EMP) in a tertiary pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). Methods: EMP was implemented in our PICU in May 2017. The percentage of appropriate physical and occupational therapist consults were determined. We also evaluated the activity levels received by the patient and the levels for which they qualified based on their medical condition. Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) was performed to identify potential complications related to the mobilization of critically ill children. We created 4 simulation scenarios based on FMEA prioritized results. Results: After the implementation of EMP, appropriate physical and occupational therapist consults significantly increased (P < 0.0001). However, most patients still failed to receive the optimal level of activity recommended by protocol. This failure was partly due to concern for safety events during mobilization. FMEA identified vital sign changes [Risk Priority Number (RPN) 97.8], staff injury (RPN 64), and pain/anxiety (RPN 60.5) as potential safety events. We performed various in-situ simulation sessions based on these potential events. In post-simulation evaluations, 100% of participants agreed that the simulation experience would improve their performance in the actual clinical setting. Feedback from simulations led to the development of an EM patient safety checklist and clinical pathway. Conclusions: We describe a novel technique of using FMEA to develop scenarios that simulate potential adverse events to optimize safe EM in PICU. An EM checklist and pathway can guide in the implementation of safe EMP.

In this article, we chronicle our experience of student-faculty partnership within a Scholarship of Teaching and Learning design-based research study. We present our experience of partnership in relation to the student-faculty partnership, collective leadership, adult learning and knowledge building literatures. Key characteristics of our student-faculty partnership are recognizingand using intellectual and experiential resources; practicing principles of knowledge building; and differentiating top-down and lateral decision making. We find the affordances of our partnership to be increased productivity, learning from each other and diversity of ideas and perspectives and limitations to be substantial time commitment, underlying beliefs about students’ capabilities and student-faculty ratio to limitations. We conclude by exploring the impact of our partnership on students, faculty and the university.

This article outlines an approach to reducing gift offi cer turnover during comprehensive campaigns by investing in the human capital management (HCM) program. While many universities have begun to create HCM programs, I suggest creating a position specifi cally focused on the retention of gift offi ces to ensure that universities and non-profi ts can be successful in reaching ambitious campaign goals. Campaigns are an intrinsic part of university advancement but the average tenure for a gift offi cer nationally is 18 -24 months. This is a critical problem for universities during comprehensive campaigns because the fundraising team cannot afford to be training new staff during such ambitious campaigns. Solving turnover in the gift offi cer ranks requires a comprehensive program to recruit, retain and mentor gift offi cers so that they understand the mission of the organization and the department, understand their role in the team ' s success and have the tools and support necessary to achieve their professional goals.

BACKGROUND: The majority of pediatric extubations occur during day shift hours. There is a time-dependent relationship between mechanical ventilation duration and complications. It is not known if extubation shift (day vs night) correlates with pediatric extubation outcomes. Pediatric ventilation duration may be unnecessarily prolonged if extubation is routinely delayed until day shift hours. METHODS: We hypothesized that extubation failure would not correlate with shift of extubation and that ventilation duration at first extubation and that length of stay in the pediatric ICU (PICU) would be shorter for children extubated at night. This was a retrospective cohort study within one tertiary care, 24-bed, academic PICU. RESULTS: 582 ventilation encounters were included, representing 517 unique subjects. Status epilepticus was a more common diagnosis among night shift extubations (P 5 .005), whereas surgical airway conditions were more common among day shift extubations (P 5 .02). Mechanical ventilation duration at first extubation (37.6 vs 62.5 h, P < .001) and length of stay in the PICU (2.8 vs 4.5 d, P < .001) were shorter for night shift extubations. The extubation failure rate was 10.3% for day shift and 8.1% for night shift (P 5 .40). Logistic regression modeling at the level of the unique subject indicated that extubation shift was not associated with extubation failure (P 5 .44). The majority of re-intubation events occurred on the shift opposite of extubation. There was no difference in complications according to shift of re-intubation (P 5 .72). CONCLUSIONS: Extubation failure was not independently associated with extubation shift in this single-center study. Ventilation liberation should be considered at the first opportunity dictated by clinical data and patientspecific factors rather than by the time of day at centers with similar resources.