The aim of this study was to evaluate executive functioning (EF) and impulsiveness in three groups of people aged 30 to 79 years: post-frontal stroke (n = 13) and post-extra-frontal chronic stroke of the right hemisphere (n = 31) and control (n = 38). The years of education varied between the groups was as follows, frontal lesion group: M = 12 (SD = 6.11); extra-frontal lesion group: M = 9.06 (SD = 4.94); and control: M = 9.61 (SD = 4.24) years. The following instruments were used: Behavioural Assessment Dysexecutive Syndrome, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WSCT), Barratt Impulsivity Scale, Impulsivity Evaluation Scale, Delay Descounting Task and Go/No-Go Task. We found differences in EF between the extra-frontal lesion group and the control group with respect to cognitive flexibility (p = .018); number of WCST trials (p = .018); WCST perseverative errors (p = .014) and omission by impulsivity errors on the go/no-go task for 250 ms (p = .008) and 1750 ms trials (p = .006). The frontal lesion group made more errors of omission than the control group in the 1750 ms go/no-go trials (p = .006). These results suggest that extra-frontal lesions impair EF by influencing attentional impulsivity.
O Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20) é uma escala de rastreio utilizada em serviços de atenção básica para avaliar indicadores de transtornos mentais comuns (TMC). O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar evidências de validade clínica do SRQ-20, comparando participantes clínicos e não clínicos e verificando sua capacidade em diferenciar grupos com transtornos psiquiátricos específicos, como também em predizer risco de suicídio. Participaram do estudo 161 pessoas, 60% sendo de amostra clínica. Foram realizadas análises descritivas, correlações, ANOVAs, análises de regressão logística e curvas ROC. Os resultados apontaram grande tamanho de efeito na capacidade do instrumento em diferenciar grupo clínico e não clínico. Pacientes com transtornos de humor ou de ansiedade não diferiram dos psicóticos em relação à quantidade de sintomas apresentados. Transtornos de personalidade apresentaram escores significativamente maiores que os demais grupos. O SRQ-20 mostrou-se também bom preditor do risco de suicídio. A escala demonstrou ser uma ferramenta útil, principalmente na avaliação breve de TMC e possíveis sinais de risco.
Different aspects of the socioeconomic context can affect intelligence. This study investigated the intellectual performance of children from different places of residence and school types. The analyses compared children from the outskirts (n = 169) and the central region (n = 110) from Porto Alegre; and children from private (n = 49) and public (n = 61) schools. Data collection included the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence (WASI) and sociodemographic record. Analysis of covariance (between groups) and Analysis of Variance for repeated measures (within-group) were used. Children from the outskirts region showed poorer performance on all WASI scores and, in the within-group comparison, lower results on verbal tasks - which did not occur in the central region group. Children from public and private schools differed in all WASI scores but had a similar within-group performance.
Estudo documental, com delineamento qualitativo, realizada entre 2011 a 2016 num serviço-escola universitário especializado em avaliações psicológicas do Rio Grande do Sul, com o objetivo de descrever o processo de avaliação psicológica e as particularidades do processo psicodiagnóstico de crianças e adolescentes em situação de acolhimento institucional. Considerou-se nove laudos psicológicos de pacientes de 7 a 18 anos, interpretados através de análise temática. A categorização dos dados resultou em cinco temas: Avaliação, Paciente, Família, Aspectos Cognitivos e Aspectos Socioemocionais. Observou-se na avaliação psicológica: dificuldades nos cuidados exigidos durante o processo, na coleta de informações pregressas em especial acerca do histórico familiar e, alto número de encaminhamentos. Ao psicólogo cabe o esforço de realizar avaliação que contemple a criança ou adolescente em suas particularidades, adaptando o processo as suas necessidades e tentando ao máximo ser justo em seu parecer. Ter sido exposto a tantas condições adversas de vida e saúde, desde o nascimento, gera impactos negativos significativos que requerem um olhar atento, de compreensão e de cuidado.
The way of the mother’s interaction with her child is called maternal interactive style. It has been studied in the context of shared reading. This study aimed to formulate a system of evaluation of the interactive style in shared reading through behavior categories. Categories were constructed from previous studies, and then empirically tested. Fifty-two dyads participated. The average age of the mothers was 35.70 (±6.13) years; the children’s ages varied from 22 to 76 months (Mean = 48.59; Standard Deviation = 17.88). The dyads were filmed in a shared reading interaction. The videos were then analyzed. Agreement analyses (intraclass correlation coefficient) were made between observers in order to test the categories. Most of the categories presented good or excellent agreement, indicating that they were well constructed and properly described. We believe that the system may be useful in future studies investigating the relationship of the maternal interactive style in shared reading with other variables involved.
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