ObjectivesAmong a variety of relevant factors of osteoporosis, the association between alcohol intake and postmenopausal women’s bone mineral density (BMD) by using data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey was evaluated in this study.Materials and methodsAmong a total of 31,596 subjects, males, premenopausal women, participants without BMD data were excluded. Finally, a total number of subjects in the study was 3,312. The frequency and amount of alcohol intake were determined by self-reported questionnaires, and BMD was measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry.ResultsMean femoral BMD for light drinkers was statistically significantly greater than that for heavy drinkers and non-drinkers. We observed the characteristic trends for BMD by drinking frequency; the mean BMD gradually increased from non-drinkers to the participants who drank 2–3 times per week; these participants exhibited the highest BMD. Participants who drank alcohol greater than 4 times per week showed a lower BMD. In the risk factor analysis, the adjusted odds ratio for osteoporosis (at femoral neck) was 1.68 in non-drinkers and 1.70 in heavy drinkers compared with light drinkers.ConclusionsLight alcohol intake (2–3 times per week and 1–2 or 5–6 glasses per occasion) in South Korean postmenopausal women was related to high femoral BMD. Non-drinkers and heavy drinkers had approximately a 1.7-times greater risk for osteoporosis than light drinkers.

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Study Design: Prospective pilot studyObjectives: The efficacy and safety of 'PF-72' for management of postoperative acute pain through a mixed 'PF-72' and 0.75% ropivacaine hydrochloride solution in patients with posterior spine surgery was evaluated as '0.75% ropivacaine' and 'untreated' controls. Summary of Literature Review: Postoperative acute pain is major surgical side effect that lead to the deterioration of the quality of life. Traditional pain control results in variable side effects, and multimodal pain management has been recommended as an alternative. Local anesthetics is a short-acting time lower than 12 hours. There is controversy about the efficiency and stability of thermoreactive hydrogel products as a drug delivery system. Materials and Methods: Patients scheduled for posterior spine surgery were enrolled by the inclusion criteria. In the treated group, PF-72 and ropivacaine mixture was injected to the surgical wound before closure. In control group 1, only 0.75% ropivacaine hydrochloride was injected. In the control group 2, the surgical site was without injection. Ten patients were randomly assigned to each group and standardized drugs for pain control were applied postoperatively and rescue regimens were applied when necessary. Postoperative pain score and the cumulative area under the curve (AUC) of pain score were compared. The percentage of subjects who were painless (pain score ≤ 3) was examined at each observation point. The first time of injection and the total dose of the rescue regimen were examined. Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) were also evaluated. Results:There was no significant difference in demographic data. The sum AUC of pain scores in the treated group was significantly lower than that in the control group 1 and 2 at all observation times. The proportion of painless patients was significantly higher in the treated group than in the control group 2. There was no significant difference between the first administration time and the total usage of the rescue regimen, and the percentage of patients with PONV at all time points. There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of adverse events. Conclusion: PF-72 and ropivacaine mixture showed significant effects for pain management up to 72 hours postoperatively for the patients who underwent posterior spinal surgery without fatal complications. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.후방 척추 수술 환자에서 'PF-72와 0.75% 로피바카인염산염 혼합액'과 '0.75% 로피바카인염산염 단독사 용' 및 '무처치' 대조군간 유효성 및 안전성 비교평가-전향적, 단일기관, 피험자 단일 눈가림, 무작위 배정, 탐색 임상시험신병준 순천향대학교 서울병원 정형외과학교실, * 순천향대학교 부천병원 정형외과학교실, † 티젤 바이오(주) ‡ 공동 제1저자 연구 계획: 전향적 연구(탐색 임상시험) 목적: 후방 척추 수술 환자를 대상으로 'PF-72'와 0.75% 로피바카인염산염(Ropivacaine HCl) 국소마취액의 혼합액을 통해 수술 후 급성통증 완화에 대한 'PF-72'의 초기 유효성과 안전성을 '0.75% 로피바카인염산염(Ropivacaine HCl) 단독사용' 및 '무처치' 대조군과 비교 평가하고자 하였다. 선행 연구문헌의 요약: 수술 후 급성통증은 재원 기간의 증가, 만성 통증, 삶의 질 저하 등을 유발하는 주요 수술부작용 중 하나이다....

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