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936Case A 6-year-old girl was referred with the complaints of retarded hair growth in addition to easily and painlessly extractable hair. Even though her hair had never been cut since her birth, it could only reach the nape of her neck. No other member of the family had similar complaints. She was otherwise healthy and did not have any tooth or nail abnormalities or dermatological illness. Her physical examination proved normal with age appropriate growth and development. Her routine laboratory investigations were unremarkable.On dermatological examination she had thin, dry, and dull dark brown hair. Her scalp was normal. Her hair was sparse without alopecia. On hair pull test 10-15 hairs were easily extracted from each region without any pain. Trichogram showed anagen hair predominance (96% anagen, 4% telogen). Misshapen anagen hair bulbs and shaft abnormalities were observed. Staining with 4-dimethyl-aminocinnamaldehyde 1 that reacts with citrulin revealed the lack of internal root sheaths on anagen hairs. These findings were consistent with a diagnosis of loose anagen hair syndrome (LAHS).Hairs gently pulled from the occipital, parietal, and vertex regions were routinely fixed, critical point dried and coated for SEM investigation. Briefly, 0.1 m cacodylate buffered 2% glutaraldehyde fixation was applied for 90 min at 4 ° C.Samples were post-fixed in 1% OsO 4 for 120 min. Alcohol dehydrated samples were critical point dried, fixed on aluminum stubs and sputter coated with palladium-gold. Investigations were done with LEO 1430 SEM (Zeiss, Oberkochen, Germany). Out of 17 hairs investigated none was telogen and all were anagen hairs lacking root sheaths. All follicles showed distorted bulbs. Cuticle was absent over this portion of the hair shaft and just distal to this segment cuticle scales were present but rolled backward over the proximal hair shaft resembling a fallen sock (Fig. 1). Cuticle pattern was normal after this segment to the distal. All hairs showed longitudinal grooves and ridges over the distal part with occasional concavities. Nearly one third of the hair shafts investigated showed nonperiodical axial twisting (Fig. 2). Such shaft changes were more common on the hairs extracted from the occipital and parietal regions. No other member of the family had similar characteristics on physical or microscopic examination. DiscussionLAHS which presents with easily and painlessly pluckable hair is a rare condition that primarily affects children. [2][3][4] Three different phenotypes have been described based mainly on the predominance of the clinical signs of reduced hair

Chemical fixation is one of the most critical steps to retaining cellular targets as naturally as possible. Recent developments in microscopy allow sophisticated detection and measuring techniques with which spatio-temporal molecular alterations is conceivable. Here, we document the fixation competence of glyoxal (Gly), a less-toxic dialdehyde molecule, and paraformaldehyde (PFA) side-by-side (with or without Triton-X 100 permealization) in live-and fixed-cell preparations including human stem cells, spermatozoa, mouse oocytes/embryos using super-resolution microscopy. Although Gly seemed to act faster than PFA, catastrophic consequences were found not acceptable, especially in oocytes and embryos. Due to cell lysate and immunocytochemistry surveys, it was obvious that PFA is superior to Gly in retaining cellular proteins in situ with little/no background staining. In many samples, PFA revealed more reliable and consistent results regarding the protein quantity and cellular localization corresponding to previously defined patterns in the literature. Although the use of Gly is beneficial as indicated by previous reports, we concluded that it does not meet the requirement for proper fixation, at least for the tested cell types and proteins. Results 1) Live-cell Imaging of mEmbryos and hUC-MSCsFreshly-isolated mouse embryos (mEmbryos) and cultured human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cell (hUC-MSC) monolayers in glass-bottomed Petri dishes were microscopically examined using a laser-illuminated differential interference contrast (DIC) imaging to observe the cell dynamics during fixation. Prior to fixation, live samples in culture media were recorded in a time-lapse manner for 15-25 min (Fig 1 and Extended View Content). Subsequently, the same samples were directly taken to fixation simply by replacement of the culture media with the fixative solution. As seen in Fig 1, Extended View Content and Table 3, a series of significant changes were noted during the fixation interval (20 min for mEmbryos or 15 min for hUC-MSCs) followed by a 5-min TX incubation.

Background:The cardiovascular benefits of Resveratrol (RVT) have been well established by previous experimental and clinical studies. Aims: The goal of this study was to test the effectiveness of RVT administration on the impaired endothelial function induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and to elucidate the role of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)/ Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) pathway. Study Design: Animal experiment. Methods: Endotoxemia was induced by intraperitoneal injection of 10 mg/kg LPS, and the thoracic aorta was isolated six hours later. RVT was injected intraperitoneally 15 minutes before LPS administration. Six hours after LPS injection, potassium chloride (KCl), phenylephrine (Phe), acetylcholine (ACh), and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) were used to examine to vascular reactivity and endothelial function. eNOS, phospho-eNOS (p-eNOS) (Ser 1177), and SIRT1 expressions in thoracic aorta were evaluated by Western blot.Results: LPS administration significantly inhibited the relaxation response induced by ACh, while the relaxation to SNP was not significantly altered. Phe-and KClinduced contractile responses in the thoracic aorta significantly decreased in LPS-injected group. eNOS and p-eNOS expression decreased significantly in arteries obtained from LPS group rats. The impaired vasoreactivity as well as decreased expressions of eNOS, p-eNOS, and SIRT1 in vessels from LPS-injected rats were improved by RVT treatment. Conclusion:The endothelium-dependent vasodilatation of the thoracic aorta was significantly inhibited by LPS administration, and RVT treatment may improve vascular endothelial function. The protective effect of RVT might be associated with increased eNOS expression and activity.

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