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Techniques for the detection and recognition of objects have experienced continuous development over recent years, as their application and benefits are so very obvious. Whether they are involved in driving a car, environment surveillance and security, or assistive living for people with different disabilities, not to mention advanced robotic surgery, these techniques are almost indispensable. This article presents the research results of a distance assessment using object detection and recognition techniques. The first is a new technique based on low-cost photo cameras and special sign detection. The second is a classic approach based on a LIDAR sensor and an HQ photo camera. Its novelty, in this case, consists of the concept and prototype of the hardware subsystem for high-precision distance measurement, as well as fast and accurate object recognition. The experimentally obtained results are used for the motion control strategy (directional inverse kinematics) of the robotic arm (virtual prototype) component in special assistive devices designed for visually impaired persons. The advantages of the original technical solution, experimentally validated by a prototype system with modern equipment, are the precision and the short time required for the identification and recognition of objects at relatively short distances. The research results obtained, in both the real and virtual experiments, stand as a basis for the further development of the visually impaired mechatronic system prototype using additional ultrasonic sensors, stereoscopic or multiple cameras, and the implementation of machine-learning models for safety-critical tasks.

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The inverse sonification problem is investigated in this article in order to detect hardly capturing details in a medical image. The direct problem consists in converting the image data into sound signals by a transformation which involves three steps - data, acoustics parameters and sound representations. The inverse problem is reversing back the sound signals into image data. By using the known sonification operator, the inverse approach does not bring any gain in the sonified medical imaging. The replication of the image already known does not help the diagnosis and surgical operation. In order to bring gains in the medical imaging, a new sonification operator is advanced in this paper, by using the Burgers equation of sound propagation. The sonified medical imaging is useful in interpreting the medical imaging that, however powerful they may be, are never good enough to aid tumour surgery. The inverse approach is exercised on several medical images used to surgical operations.