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We quantified the volume of free allowances that different national allocation plans proposed to allocate to existing and new installations, with specific reference to the power sector. Most countries continue to allocate based on historic emissions, contrary to hopes for improved allocation methods, with allocations to installations frequently based on 2005 emission data; this may strengthen the belief in the private sector that emissions in the coming years will influence their subsequent allowance allocation. Allocations to new installations provide high and frequently fuel-differentiated subsidies, risking significant distortions to investment choices. Thus, in addition to supplying a long market in aggregate, proposed allocation plans reveal continuing diverse problems, including perverse incentives. To ensure the effectiveness of the EU ETS in the future, the private sector will need to be shown credible evidence that free allowance allocation will be drastically reduced post-2012, or that these problems will be addressed in some other way

Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. Terms of use: Documents in Stringency and Distribution in the EU Emissions Trading SchemeThe 2005 Evidence SummaryWith the release of the verified emissions for installations covered by the EU Emissions Trading Scheme for the first trading year 2005 we are able to compare actual emissions and allowances for each installation. Based on data available for 24 Member States as of January 2007, this paper uses a thorough data analysis for about 9,900 installations to investigate evidence on three issues: first, the stringency of the total allocation cap and allocation differences both among the Member States and a selection of emission intensive sectors; second, the distribution of the size of installations; and third, the spread of allocation discrepancies and possible allocation biases regarding the size of installations.

Based on the verified emissions for the 2005 and 2006 trading years, the actual emissions and allowances for each installation covered by the EU Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS) were compared. Based on data available for 24 Member States as of May 2007, this article uses a thorough data analysis for about 9,900 installations to investigate evidence on three issues: first, the stringency of the total allocation cap and allocation differences both among the Member States and a selection of emissionintensive sectors; second, the distribution of the size of installations; and third, the spread of allocation discrepancies and possible allocation biases regarding the size of installations. There is a surprisingly high spread of allocation discrepancies, which provide evidence for treating small installations differently from large ones: the inequality of distribution of the size of installations, between allocated and verified allowances, variations in the spread of the allocation discrepancies both by country and by sector reflecting the implementation of National Allocation Plans, the size of an installation and its allocation discrepancy. A partir des émissions vérifiées pour les transactions des années 2005 et 2006, les émissions réelles de chaque installation couverte par le système européen d'échange d'émissions (EUETS) sont comparées avec leur quotas alloués. Sur la base de données sur 24Etats membres accessibles à partir de mai 2007, cet article applique une analyse de données rigoureuse sur environ 9900 installations dans le but de clarifier trois enjeux: premièrement, la rigueur du montant total des quotas et les différences d'allocation entre Etats membres et entre certains secteurs à fortes émissions; deuxièmement, la répartition en fonction de la taille des installations; et troisièmement, les écarts d'allocation et une distortion possible en fonction de la taille des installations. L'étendue des écarts entre les quotas alloués est surprenant, montrant la différence de traitement des petites installations par rapports aux grandes: l'inéquité dans la répartition de la taille des installations, entre quotas alloués et quotas vérifiés, la façon dont les écarts d'allocation varient selon le pays ou le secteur, reflétant la manière dont les plans nationaux d'allocation ont été mis en oeuvre, la taille d'une installation et la distortion relative à l'allocation dont elle a été objet.Mots clés: Echange de droits d'émissions; politiques climatiques; système européen d'échange de quotas