No abstract

Grounding system is one of the components in building equipment security. To fulfill the operational continuity of electronic equipment in Faculty of Engineering, Udayana University, Denpasar, a grounding system with a ground resistance of ? 3 ohms is required to be installed. The aim of this study is to find out the characteristics of grounding system to secure the equipment in the building around the research location, with ground resistance of ? 3 ohms and it is expected to be beneficial to use as a reference in grounding system installation as well as.  According to the measurement results at the research location, it is found that the soil resistance value is equal to 0.23 ohms, where the soil resistivity (?) is 28.89 Ohm-meters. There are some results analysis obtained in ground resistance value of ? 3 Ohm. Those are 1) grounding system type 1 rod where minimal depth installation of the electrode is 14 meters with ground resistance value of 2.6751 ohms; 2) grounding system type two rod with s < L, it is obtained that each depth is 8 meters with distance of 2 meters between electrodes, where the ground resistance value is 2.4940 ohms. In the installation of two electrodes with s > L, it is gained that the depth of each electrode is 6 meters where the distance between the electrodes is 8 meters and the ground resistance value is 2.8718 ohms. By applying the plates type grounding system with 3 meters in length, 1 meter in width, and 2 meters in installation depth is gained 2.8431 ohms ground resistance value. Furthermore, by applying grid type grounding system with 2 meters in length h = 2,5 meters in depth, A = 4 meters in width and the total length of the electrode diameter 1 cm is 504 meters, it is obtained 2.0978 ohms ground resistance value.

Gardu distribusi merupakan komponen utama dari sistem distribusi tenaga listrik. PLN sebagai penyedia kebutuhan listrik di Indonesia masih menggunakan cara konvensional dalam memonitor arus beban pada gardu distribusi dengan datang ke lokasi dan mengambil data. Rancang bangun sistem monitoring arus beban pada gardu distribusi menggunakan SMS merupakan perangkat yang diintegerasikan pada gardu distribusi. Nilai arus beban yang dibaca dan dikonversi oleh sensor, informasi waktu dan tanggal secara real time ditampilkan pada LCD. Pengimplementasian sistem monitoring arus beban dilakukan pada gardu distribusi KA-0298 yang menyuplai Laboratorium Teknik Elektro Universitas Udayana. Perangkat ini dapat melakukan monitoring arus beban berdasarkan perintah yang dikirimkan melalui SMS. Perintah SMS yang dikirim dengan kode “CEKARUS” dapat diterima dan direspon oleh sistem monitoring arus beban dengan hasil balasan SMS informasi nilai arus beban fasa R, fasa S, fasa T dan fasa N pada gardu distribusi. Sistem data logger pada perangkat dapat digunakan untuk merekam perubahan arus beban pada gardu distribusi. Sistem notifikasi arus beban memberikan SMS peringatan jika terjadi gangguan arus beban pada gardu distribusi. [Turnitin Chek 7% 24032017]

Line follower robot requires an automatic control system in operating to follow a track / line. Control systems are used in line follower robot is PID-based control system. In PID control system requires setting of constants Kp, Kd, and Ki proper to obtain a stable movement of the robot to follow the line or track. Line follower robot that used in this research is an adaptive robot, so the robot can adapt in every lighting conditions were be different on each track by adding two pieces of light sensors on the robot.The integration of the PID control system by setting the constants of Kp, Kd, Ki precise and automatic light sensitivity settings, will produce good movement to follow the track and that can adapt with every lighting conditions automatically be. From the experiment have been done, obtained the best control constants of Kp, Kd, and Ki with a constant value entered is Kp = 7, Kd = 5, and Ki = 7 and light sensitivity automatic setting searched based on a reading of two light sensors and with the formula of sensitivity is = ((sensor1 + sensor2) / 2) + 100. Intisari-Robotline followermerupakan robot dengan sistem kontrol otomatis dalam beroprasi mengikuti sebuah lintasan/garis. Sistem kontrol yang digunakan dalam robot line follower adalah sistem kontrol berbasis PID. Pada sistem kontrol PID memerlukan pengaturan konstanta Kp, Kd, dan Ki yang tepat untuk memperolehpergerakan robot yang stabil dalam mengikuti garis atau lintasan. Robot line follower yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah robot yang bersifat adaptif, sehingga robot dapat beradaptasi di setiap kondisi pencahayaan yang berbeda pada setiap lintasan dengan memanfaatkan penambahan 2 buah sensor cahaya pada robot.Hasil daripenggabungan sistem pengaturan PID dengan pengaturan konstanta Kp, Kd dan Ki yang tepat dan sistem pengaturan kepekaan cahaya otomatis, maka akan diperoleh hasil pergerakan robot pada lintasan yang baik dan robot yang dapat beradaptasi dalam beberapa kondisi pencahayaan secara otomatis. Dari hasil ujicoba robot yang telah dilakukan, maka telah diperoleh pengaturan konstanta Kp, Kd, dan Ki terbaik dengan nilai kons tanta yang diinputkan yaitu Kp=7, Kd=5, dan Ki=7 dan pengaturan kepekaan cahaya otomatis yang dicari berdasarkan pembacaan 2 buah sensor cahaya dan dengan rumus kepekaan = (( sensor1 + sensor2 ) / 2) + 100.

Karangasem Regency, especially in Kubu Subdistrict, Tianyar Tengah Village, Banjar BukitLambuh, is an area that still lacks clean water, so that villagers still rely on purchasing clean waterthrough tank trucks at high prices. Around Banjar Bukit Lambuh, there is a 20 kWp Central TianyarPLTS which has been abandoned since 2016 due to the absence of regional companies that manageand maintain the PLTS so that some components of the PLTS are damaged. The abandonment of the20 kWp PLTS makes the Bali Provincial Manpower and Energy Department (ESDM) Department planto transfer the function of PLTS as a source of electricity for water pumps that lift water fromreservoirs with a water capacity of 72,000 liters to a 30,000 liter water reservoir which is near thePLTS to meet the water needs of residents in the Middle Tianyar Village Banjar Bukit Lambuh. Theselected water pump type Lorentz PS2-4000 C-SJ3-32 submersible DC with a total head of 108.6meters and a pipe length of 1,640 meters and requires power of 2.96 kW supplied from PLTS 20 kWpTianyar Tengah with a cable length of 1,640 meters and voltage drop of 8,183 volts, so that the pumpcan operate for 7 hours with 4.2 m3 / h water discharge producing 29,400 liters of water that can meetthe water needs of residents of Banjar Bukit Lambuh Village by 23,328 liters per day.