The Relaxometer is a computer-controlled system developed for reliable clinical experimental measurements on neuromuscular block. This system is based on an adapted personal computer (Atari 1040 ST) with a monochrome monitor (Atari SM 124), and a microcomputer-driven slave unit (stimulator). There are several stimulation patterns available: single twitch at 0.1 and 1 Hz, single train-of-four, continuous train-of-four every 12 seconds, and tetanic stimulation at 50 Hz for 5 seconds followed by posttetanic count. The system is equipped with a temperature module for continuous monitoring of the skin/muscle temperature and a rechargeable battery to allow uninterrupted measurements if the apparatus is disconnected from the line power. All acquired data, computer-calculated parameters (onset time, duration time, recovery index, train-of-four ratio, tetanic fade, and posttetanic count), and the mechanomyogram are presented on screen continuously, are stored on floppy disk, and can be printed in a well-organized format.

The Ocular Photosensitivity Analyzer (OPA), a new automated instrument to quantify the visual photosensitivity thresholds (VPT) in healthy and light sensitive subjects, is described. The OPA generates light stimuli of varying intensities utilizing unequal ascending and descending steps to yield the VPT. The performance of the OPA was evaluated in healthy subjects, as well as light sensitive subjects with achromatopsia or traumatic brain injury (TBI). VPT in healthy, achromatopsia, and TBI subjects were 3.2 ± 0.6 log lux, 0.5 ± 0.5 log lux, and 0.4 ± 0.6 log lux, respectively. Light sensitive subjects manifested significantly lower VPT compared to healthy subjects. Longitudinal analysis revealed that the OPA reliably measured VPT in healthy subjects.

We present a new in vitro instrument for measuring shape and wavefront aberrations of the primate crystalline lens, both on-and off-axis, while simulating accommodation with a motorized lens stretching system. The instrument merges spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) imaging and ray tracing aberrometry using an approach that senses wavefront aberrations of the lens with the OCT probing beam. Accuracy and repeatability of aberration measurements were quantified. Preliminary experiments on two human and four cynomolgus monkey lenses demonstrate the ability of the system to measure the lens shape, spherical aberration and peripheral defocus, and their changes during simulated accommodation.

PurposeOur purpose was to develop a robotic remotely operated stereo slit lamp system allowing three-dimensional stereo viewing and recording of the patient's examination via local area network, Internet, and satellite.MethodsA commercial slit lamp was modified to accept motors and servos to permit control of all optical and mechanical components of the device. The custom graphical user interface with dual high-resolution real-time stereoscopic imaging, control/position indicators, overview video, and audio were transmitted via local area network, Internet, and satellite. Under University of Miami Institutional Review Board authorization, Internet connectivity enabled multiple examiners to simultaneously view and control the slit lamp and to collaboratively discuss diagnosis and treatment options. The remote clinicians used a tablet, laptop, or desktop computer to view and control the slit lamp.ResultsThe network, Internet, satellite-connected system was controllable from the United States, Europe, and Canada while acquiring high-resolution, real-time video in all subjects. Control of the slit lamp through Ethernet, WiFi, and 4G exhibited total system latencies of 464 ± 58, 483 ± 64, and 870 ± 66 milliseconds when transmitting within the continent, and Ethernet control exhibited a latency of 606 ± 130 milliseconds when transmitting between continents. High- and low-magnification images of healthy volunteers were acquired by a remote clinician.ConclusionsThe robotic remotely operated stereo slit lamp system allows three-dimensional stereo viewing and recording of the patient's examination via local area network, Internet, and satellite.Translational RelevanceThe robotic remotely controlled stereo slit lamp system enables remote examination of human subjects.

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