INTRODUÇÃOOs óleos essenciais (OEs) de plantas são comumente comercializados em função de sua capacidade aromatizante. No entanto, têm des- ABSTRACT RESUMOpertado grande interesse, devido às propriedades funcionais que, também, apresentam como antimicrobianos, principalmente para a aplicação em alimentos. Entretanto, a utilização de OEs como antimicrobianos aplicados diretamente em Os sanitizantes químicos tradicionais utilizados na indústria de alimentos apresentam, como desvantagem, o possível desenvolvimento de resistência e adaptação bacteriana, interferindo na eficiência bactericida mínima destes produtos. Os óleos essenciais com atividade antimicrobiana despertam grande interesse na indústria de alimentos, pela possível utilização como princípios ativos de sanitizantes. Esta pesquisa objetivou determinar a concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) dos óleos essenciais (OEs) de cravo-da-índia e canela contra bactérias Gram positivas (Staphylococcus aureus e Listeriamono cytogenes) e Gram negativas (Escherichia coli e Salmonella sp.) e compará-la com a CIM do hipoclorito de sódio, além de determinar a concentração bactericida mínima (CBM) dos OEs para L. monocytogenes. Foi utilizado o método da microdiluição e os OEs foram caracterizados, quimicamente, por cromatografia gasosa -espectrometria de massa. Os componentes principais dos OEs de canela e cravo-da-índia foram o cinamaldeído (67,58%) e o eugenol (77,58%), respectivamente. A CIM do OE de canela foi de 0,04%, para as bactérias Gram positivas, e < 0,02%, para a bactérias Gram negativas. O OE de cravo-da-índia teve CIM de 0,04% para Salmonella sp., 0,06% para E. coli e S. aureus e 0,08% para L. monocytogenes. Para todas as bactérias testadas, a CIM do hipoclorito de sódio foi > 0,2%. A CBM para L. monocytogenes, no OE de cravo-da-índia, foi de 0,18% e o OE de canela destacou-se por apresentar CBM < 0,02%, demonstrando a possibilidade do uso destes OEs, principalmente o de canela, como princípios ativos de sanitizantes. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Cinnamomum zeylanicum; Syzygium aromaticum; controle de micro-organismos. Efficiency of cinnamon and clove essential oils as sanitizers in the food industryThe traditional chemical sanitizers used in the food industry have the disadvantage of a possible development of bacterial resistance and adaptation, interfering with their minimum bactericidal efficiency. Essential oils with antimicrobial activity arouse great interest in the food industry for their possible use as active ingredients of sanitizers. This study aimed to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of cinnamon and clove essential oils (EOs) against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Listeriamono cytogenes) and Gramnegative (Escherichia coli and Salmonella sp.) bacteria, as well as compare it with the MIC of sodium hypochlorite, and to determine the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of EOs for L. monocytogenes. The microdilution method was used and the EOs were chemically characterized by gas chromatographymass spectrometry. The main compone...
The use of essential oils in foods has attracted great interest, due to their antagonistic action against pathogenic microorganisms. However, this action is undesirable for probiotic foods, as products containing Lactobacillus rhamnosus. The aim of the present study was to measure the sensitivity profile of L. rhamnosus and a yogurt starter culture in fermented milk, upon addition of increasing concentrations of cinnamon, clove and mint essential oils. Essential oils were prepared by steam distillation, and chemically characterised by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and determination of density. Survival curves were obtained from counts of L. rhamnosus and the starter culture (alone and in combination), upon addition of 0.04% essential oils. In parallel, titratable acidity was monitored over 28 experimental days. Minimum inhibitory concentration values, obtained using the microdilution method in Brain Heart Infusion medium, were 0.025, 0.2 and 0.4% for cinnamon, clove and mint essential oils, respectively. Cinnamon essential oil had the highest antimicrobial activity, especially against the starter culture, interfering with lactic acid production. Although viable cell counts of L. rhamnosus were lower following treatment with all 3 essential oils, relative to controls, these results were not statistically significant; in addition, cell counts remained greater than the minimum count of 10(8)CFU/mL required for a product to be considered a probiotic. Thus, although use of cinnamon essential oil in yogurt makes starter culture fermentation unfeasible, it does not prevent the application of L. rhamnosus to probiotic fermented milk. Furthermore, clove and mint essential oil caused sublethal stress to L. rhamnosus
A mastite é a principal afecção do gado leiteiro brasileiro, constituindo um fator limitante na produtividade das propriedades rurais. A mastite é causada principalmente por bactérias e consiste em um processo infeccioso e inflamatório da glândula mamária, acarretando em modificação da composição do leite in natura com aumento da contagem de células somáticas. A adoção de boas práticas para uma ordenha higiênica é apontado como método eficaz e de baixo custo para o controle e prevenção da mastite. No entanto, para o tratamento clínico é importante a identificação do agente patogênico e o monitoramento de sua resistência aos antimicrobianos nos casos de mastite subclínica. O uso incorreto e indiscriminado de antimicrobianos tem acarretado na ocorrência de agentes patogênicos multirresistentes, tornando-se um risco a saúde humana e animal.
ABSTRACT. Essential oils (EOs) are technological options that may be employed in natural foods due to their antimicrobial activities. However, restrictions exist when high EOs concentrations are required which, in their turn, affect sensory qualities. Technological alternatives, such as combination of EOs with chelating and dispersing agents, have been proposed in the literature. Current research determined the antimicrobial activity of cinnamon EO against microbial spoilage in yogurt when added at the highest acceptable sensory EO concentration, alone or associated with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and/or polyethylene glycol. Cinnamon EO´s chemical analysis was performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Sensory analysis was conducted to define the highest acceptable sensory concentration of cinnamon EO in yogurt, stipulated at 0.04% cinnamon EO. Antimicrobial activity in yogurt was then evaluated for aerobic mesophiles, psychrotrophilic microorganisms, yeasts and molds counts. Treatments comprised (1) control, (2) 0.04% EO, (3) 0.04% EO + 0.01% EDTA, (4) 0.04% EO + 0.02% polyethylene glycol; (5) 0.04% EO + 0.01% EDTA + 0.2% polyethylene glycol, in triplicates. Concentration 0.04% of cinnamon EO, alone or associated with EDTA and/or polyethylene glycol, failed to show any antimicrobial activity against aerobic mesophiles, yeasts and molds.Keywords: natural preservatives, microbial spoilage, dispersing agents.Determinação da atividade antimicrobiana do óleo essencial de canela (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) combinado com EDTA e polietilenoglicol no iogurte RESUMO. Óleos essenciais (OEs) são opções tecnológicas que podem ser empregados em alimentos naturais pelas suas atividades antimicrobianas, mas isso é restrito pela necessidade de elevadas concentrações, interferindo nos atributos sensoriais. Alternativas tecnológicas são propostas na literatura, incluindo a combinação de OEs com agentes quelantes e dispersantes. Este estudo objetivou determinar ação antimicrobiana de OE de canela contra deteriorantes microbianos em iogurte, quando adicionado na maior concentração aceitável sensorialmente de OE, isolado ou associado com etilenodiaminotetracético (EDTA) e/ou polietilenoglicol. A análise química do OE de canela foi realizada por cromatografia gasosa-espectrometria de massa (CG-EM). Primeiramente foi feita a análise sensorial para definir a porcentagem como a maior concentração aceitável sensorialmente de OE de canela em iogurte, estipulada em 0,04% de OE de canela. Foi avaliada a atividade antimicrobiana do OE de canela em iogurte, pela contagem de aeróbios mesófilos, psicrotróficos e bolores e leveduras. Os tratamentos foram (1) controle, (2) 0,04% de OE, (3) 0,04% de OE + 0,01% de EDTA, (4) 0,04% de OE + 0,2% de polietilenoglicol e (5) 0,04% de OE + 0,01% de EDTA + 0,2% de polietilenoglicol, em triplicatas. A concentração de 0,04% de OE de canela, isolado ou combinado com EDTA e/ou polietilenoglicol não apresentou atividade antimicrobiana contra aeróbios mesófilos e bolores e leveduras.
The essential oil (EO) of pink pepper has important biological properties that can enhance its application in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food industries. The objective of this study was to characterize the EO of pink pepper seeds in terms of their chemical composition and thermophysical properties. Certified pink pepper seeds obtained commercially were used. The EO was extracted by hydrodistillation and chemically characterized in a gas chromatograph coupled to mass spectrometer (GC/MS). The thermoanalytical characterization was performed on a simultaneous high resolution equipment, and the Thermogravimetric Analysis (TG) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) were used to determine the physical-chemical and kinetic properties of the OE in the room temperature range up to 250 ºC in the 20 ºC.min-1 ratio under nitrogen atmosphere. The Arrhenius kinetic model was applied to determine the activation energy of the EO. A total of 51 chemical compounds were detected in the pink pepper EO, of which 42 compounds were identified (54.7% of monoterpene compounds and 45.3% sesquiterpenes). The major components were β-pinene (26.80%), germacrene D (11.25%), sabinene (11.13%) and terpinen-4-ol (8.59%). The thermogravimetric analysis indicated a single stage of thermo-degradation of the pink pepper EO between 74.8 ºC and 184.7 ºC, being an endothermic peak in the physical transition of vaporization. The variation of enthalpy and activation energy of EO were found with values of = - (39.8 ± 9.5) KJ.Kg-1 and = - (2,546 ± 0.033) KJ.mol-1, respectively. The data presented in the thermogravimetric analysis of pink pepper seeds EO allowed observing important thermal parameters for the definition of industrial processes that can use it as raw material, so that its biological activities can remain stable under controlled temperature conditions and below the range degradation.
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