IntroduçãoPropriedade Intelectual é temática debatida internacionalmente envolvendo disputas políticas devido a questões ainda não resolvidas como: definição dos objetos e limites de proteção; conciliação dos interesses de empresas inovadoras e detentores dos direitos de Propriedade Intelectual com os interesses da sociedade; e equilíbrio entre países desenvolvidos -que dominam o conhecimento e fazem uso de mecanismos de proteção -e aqueles que necessitam promover o desenvolvimento para reduzir a pobreza e melhorar a qualidade de vida da população 1 . Em se tratando da indústria farmacêutica, que lida diretamente com a questão da vida, a discussão em torno das patentes farmacêuticas se torna ainda mais complexa e polêmica.De um lado, existe a retórica de que o monopólio temporário garante o retorno dos investimentos e riscos das atividades de Pesquisa & Desenvolvimento, dos gastos com o registro do medicamento e da colocação do produto no mercado. Além disso, o processo de desenvolvimento de novos fármacos é longo, mas a expiração da proteção patentária dos medicamentos existentes permitindo a entrada de produtos substitutos no mercado, como medicamentos genéricos, ameaçam a continuidade da vantagem competitiva das empresas inovadoras. O valor da proteção patentária não pode ser subestimado pelas empresas que perdem cerca de 80% de seus REVISÃO REVIEW
PurposeSeveral authors have examined the lean healthcare literature, but besides all efforts made, articles comparing conceptual and analytical studies were not found. Thus, a systematic review is conducted aiming to understand the state of the art of lean healthcare by investigating and comparing how conceptual and analytical articles address tools/methods, application fields, implementation barriers and facilitators and positive and negative impacts.Design/methodology/approachArticles in English about lean healthcare, published in journals in the last ten years (2009–2018) and indexed in Web of Science (WoS) or Scopus were examined and assessed by following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes (PRISMA) protocol. A qualitative content analysis on the eligible articles was conducted, and results from the conceptual and analytical studies were compared.FindingsThere is a literature gap regarding tools/methods in both conceptual and analytical approaches once they prioritize for different items. Barriers, facilitators and negative impacts are perceived differently within both categories and might require more extensive analysis. The same items prevail in both conceptual and analytical categories when analyzing healthcare fields and positive impacts.Originality/valueThere is a lack of articles comparing conceptual and analytical studies concerning lean healthcare. So, this study's relevance is in identifying theoretical and applied research gaps to strengthen the lean healthcare state of the art and to integrate theoretical-applied knowledge. For healthcare professionals, it might provide an overview of the key factors that can promote lean implementation.
This study proposes improving the understanding of the main aspects involved in the design of warehouses by the construction of a framework that reveals the state-of-art. The initial research bibliography generated a framework, which was structured in three dimensions: inputs; design and implementation; and outputs. The validation of framework was accomplished through a systematic review of the literature, covering 68 articles published in the period 1999-2015. This study covered the main aspects highlighted in the academic literature that influence the design of warehouses. Additionally, an overview of the publications based on a theoretical/empirical and a quantitative/qualitative approach was pointed out. This paper aims to contribute to both industry and academic. On the one hand, the framework aggregates value for professionals by permitting the rapid identification of variables, which must be considered in warehouse design. On the other hand, by systematizing the warehouse design area, researchers are able to identify gaps that may generate future studies.
Academia has been concerned with plagiarism in last ten years. Literature has shown several works in many areas about this issue. These works cite as explanations for cybercheating: lack of knowledge about plagiarism and its legislation, easy obtention of academic material, and incacpacity of paraphrasing. The goal of this article is presenting the results of a survey about copyrights acomplished with Production Engineering students in Rio de Janeiro, and actions for curb academic dishonesty. This survey indicated lack of information about the subject, and the use of unqualified sources of information.
A identificação correta dos autores é fator crítico em estudos de Análise de Redes Sociais (ARS) que envolvem redes de coautoria. O objetivo do trabalho é apresentar as diferenças de propriedades entre três redes de coautoria geradas com formas distintas de considerar o nome dos autores. Foi adotado o método bibliométrico. As redes foram construídas com base em 28.916 artigos sobre sustentabilidade, indexados no ISI/Web of Science, fazendo uso do software Pajek. Na análise, foram comparadas as seguintes propriedades: densidade, grau médio, componente gigante, distribuição dos graus, distância média, diâmetro da rede e coeficiente de clusterização de Watts-Strogatz. Os resultados indicaram grandes diferenças entre as redes, sugerindo que estudos de coautoria, fazendo uso de ARS, podem ter resultados comprometidos, caso não haja o tratamento adequado dos nomes dos autores. Diante do crescimento das aplicações de ARS, faz-se necessário o desenvolvimento de estudos e ferramentas voltados para mitigar a ocorrência desses erros.
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