We report dengue virus type 4 (DENV-4) in Amazonas, Brazil. This virus was isolated from serum samples of 3 patients treated at a tropical medicine reference center in Manaus. All 3 cases were confirmed by serologic and molecular tests; 1 patient was co-infected with DENV-3 and DENV-4.
BackgroundHoney has been identified as a potential alternative to the widespread use of antibiotics, which are of significant concern considering the emergence of resistant bacteria. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of honey samples produced by a stingless bee species and by Apis sp. against pathogenic bacteria, as well as to identify the presence of phenolic compounds.MethodsHoney samples from the stingless bee M. compressipes manaosensis were collected twice, during the dry and rainy seasons. Three commercial honey samples from Apis sp. were also included in this study. Two different assays were performed to evaluate the antibacterial potential of the honey samples: agar-well diffusion and broth macrodilution. Liquid-liquid extraction was used to assess phenolic compounds from honey. HPLC analysis was performed in order to identify rutin and apigenin on honey samples. Chromatograms were recorded at 340 and 290 nm.ResultsTwo honey samples were identified as having the highest antimicrobial activity using the agar diffusion method. Honey produced by Melipona compressipes manaosensis inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli (0157: H7), Proteus vulgaris, Shigella sonnei and Klebsiella sp. A sample of honey produced by Apis sp. also inhibited the growth of Salmonella paratyphi. The macrodilution technique presented greater sensitivity for the antibacterial testing, since all honey samples showed activity. Flavonoid rutin was identified in the honey sample produced by the stingless bee.ConclusionsHoney samples tested in this work showed antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The results reported herein highlight the potential of using honey to control bacterial growth.
SumárioForam estudadas 39 espécies de Mantispidae do Brasil e elaboradas chaves para sua identificação a nível de sub-família, gêneros e espécies. Todas as espécies foram redescritas a partir do material examinado e, estão acompanhadas de sua distribuição geográfica atualizada. INTRODUÇÃOHá poucos anos atrás houve um renovado interesse pelo estudo da família Mantispidae da subordem Planipennia. Um estudo da classificação superior desse grupo foi feito recentemente por Lambkin (tese de doutoramento não publicada) e Poivre (1982) descreveu as espécies dos mantispídeos da África e Europa. Penny (1982a) discutiu a classificação superior dos mantispídeos da América e descreveu espécies da Bacia Amazônica (1982b). Há evidências cada vez mais fortes de que sua origem tenha sido em Gondwana, com as tribos mais primitivas restritas à Austrália e às Américas, especialmente na parte meridional da América do Sul. Desta maneira, um estudo dos mantispídeos desta última região poderia fornecer mais informações acerca de sua origem e evolução. Contudo, nosso conhecimento taxonômico desta região ainda é fragmentário. Williner e Kormilev (1959) descreveram as espécies da Argentina e Penny (1977) apresentou uma lista das espécies da Região Neotropical. Entretanto, para a parte meridional do Brasil, as únicas informações disponíveis para identificação das espécies tem sido descrições isoladas, mesmo assim, muitas delas pouco precisas, não havendo bibliografia mais específica à disposição na maioria das bibliotecas do Brasil. Tais informações encontram-se quase todas em museus europeus. Mais dificuldades aparecem pela falta de especialistas nesta família. Assim, até recentemente, identificações precisas dos mantispídeos do Brasil eram quase impossíveis de serem realizadas.Este artigo foi preparado com o intuito de solucionar este problema, assim como despertar mais interesse pela famí-lia e fornecer informações sobre a morfologia e distribuição, como também aumentar nosso conhecimento filogenético dos mantispídeos.
Introduction:Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 and 2 (HTLV-1/2) is endemic in Brazil, but few studies have investigated the seroprevalence of HTLV and its subtypes among blood donors in the capital city Manaus, Amazonas State, Brazil.Aim:To estimate the seroprevalence of HTLV-1/2 and to identify circulating subtypes among blood donors in Manaus.Materials and Methods:Blood donors (2001-2003) were screened for HTLV-1/2 antibodies by ELISA. Positive results were confirmed and subtyped by Western blot assays. Prevalence rates were calculated and compared with demographic data.Results:Among the 87,402 individuals screened, 116 (0.13%) were seropositive for HTLV-1/2. A second sample (76/116) was collected and retested by HTLV-1/2 ELISA, of which only 41/76 were positive. Western blot confirmed HTLV infection in 24/41 retested blood donors [HTLV-1 (n=16), HTLV-2 (n=5) and HTLV-untypable (n=3)].Discussion:HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 are prevalent among blood donors in Manaus. However, additional studies are needed to comprehend the epidemiology of HTLV-1/2 in Amazonas not only to understand the pathophysiology of the disease providing adequate medical assistance, but also to reduce or block virus transmission.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.