Drought-flood abrupt alterations (DFAA) is a condition in drought season when sudden rain inundate rice plants. These events are due to the high frequency of extreme climate events that might pose a threat to rice productivity. DFAA causes cumulative stress on rice which affects crop growth and alters dry matter accumulation. This study aims to understand the effect of DFAA to dry matter accumulation by assessing six rice varieties under DFAA. Three treatments were provided such as continuously irrigated as non-water stress (NS) as a control; drought to water stress -35 kPa (DFAA1) followed by sudden flood; drought to severe water stress -70 kPa (DFAA2) followed by abrupt floods; repeated until harvest. The study found that the alteration of dry matter accumulation was determined by root length, root weight, shoot length and shoot weight. Only varieties that are able to increase root depth under water stress fluctuation will be able to maintain the yield. The results of study showed that root depth was positively correlated with shoot length (r = 0.68), shoot weight (r = 0.62), root weight (r = 0.57), percentage of filled grain (r = 0.55) and number of filled grain per hill (r = 0.49). Shoot length was positively correlated with shoot weight (r = 0.83), root weight (r = 0.75) and the number of filled grain (r = 0.62), while shoot weight was only positively correlated with root weight (r = 0.88). This means that only root depth and shoot length can increase the seed setting rate and the number of filled grains per hill. Furthermore, at DFAA2, the percentage of filled grain was highest in Sipulo followed by Bo Santeut, Sanbei, Towuti and Situ Patenggang, which mean that varieties with deeper and heavier root dry weight can maintain higher yields than shallow and low root dry weight. The result of the study may allow to select rice varieties that are resistant to multilevel water-stress and able to maintain the potential yield, by looking at root depth, root dry weight, and through their grain yield in general. These traits could become key indicators for resistance to DFAA stress in rice. It is also necessary to pay attention to the fluctuation of soil water content in critical phases, especially in the reproductive phase and grain filling
This study aims to observe the relationship between leaves' relative water content (RWC), soluble sugar, dry matter accumulation, and rice yield components under water-stress conditions during the generative stage. Six rice varieties were observed under three different water stress treatments: non-stress, moderate water-stress (-0.35 bar), and severe (-0.70 bar). The results showed that under moderate and severe water-stress; the RWC at reproductive stage had correlation with RWC at maturity stage (r = 0.97), colored pollen (r = 0.87), the percentage of grains (r = 0.54) and grain weight (r = 0.57). The RWC at anthesis stage was closely related to the RWC at ripening stage (r = 0.99), the percentage of colored pollen (r = 0.87) and filled grains (r = 0.58), and the weight of grains per hill (r = 0.69). The RWC at the ripening stage was also closely related to the percentage of colored pollen (r = 0.87), the percentage of filled grains (r = 0.61), and the weight of filled grains per hill (r = 0.72). Furthermore, the percentage of colored pollen was closely related to the biomass dry weight (r = 0.47), and the soluble sugars at the reproductive stage were related to the percentage of filled grains (r = -0.68). The soluble sugars at the anthesis stage were closely related to the soluble sugars at the maturity stage (r = 0.75). The result might allow us to use the RWC as a determinant for rice under water stress, and it is important to maintain the RWC under water stress, especially during the generative stage.
Rice morpho-agronomic traits determine the yield at different planting seasons due to the characters that are closely related to genetic characteristics and environmental factors. This study aims to observe morpho –agronomic traits of three varieties, namely Situ Patenggang (as the check variety that can be planted in rice fields and upland rainfed), Sipulo and Sanbei (both as the test varieties). The varieties planted in upland rainfed in order to observe the morpho-agronomic traits occur, as the rice planted in rainfed might be able to be planted elsewhere, due to its water stress tolerance. The result showed that the check variety have morpho-agronomic traits that show a balanced sink and source, while the two test varieties, Sipulo and Sanbei have a larger but imbalance source and sink capacity. The imbalance of source and sink was caused by the large amount of the last panicles that appeared from tertiary or quaternary tiller, in which increased the percentage of unfilled grains that later caused a low percentage of filled grain. However, the potential yield remains high compared to the check variety. Therefore, from the observation, it is clear that the morpho-agronomic traits of rice can be determinants in determining rice yield.
Water stress is a major factor affecting rice production. Water stress causes changes in physiology and morphology for plant tolerance to water stress. In this study, six varieties were examined for their tolerance to water stress. The check varieties for comparisons of tolerant, moderate tolerant and sensitivity to water stress, namely Situ Patenggang, Towuti and IR 64; while the test varieties in this study are three Aceh rice traditional varieties. Water stress significantly influences the number of tillers, length of internode, proline, chlorophyll a, b and the total content, leaf rolling, drying score and leaf recovery, in which the changes occur varies among varieties, in vegetative stages. Chlorophyll is the main indicator of rice tolerance to drought in the early season of the rice growing season. Varieties that have good adaptation to water stress are able to maintain their chlorophyll content. Leaf rolling, drying score and recovering from water stress show a small difference between three comparative varieties and three rice traditional varieties of Aceh in vegetative stage. To overcome water stress, it is necessary to change rice cultivation by adjusting planting time, planting season, using water stress tolerant varieties, traditional varieties and national superior varieties; changes in irrigation and fertilization management.
Abstrak. Tanaman padi merupakan salah satu komoditas pangan di dunia yang terkena dampak perubahan iklim global. Perubahan iklim menyebabkan perubahan pada pola musim, sehingga petani sulit untuk memprediksikan waktu tanam. Hal ini akan menimbulkan pengaruh negatif terhadap produktivitas tanaman pangan, terutama pada tanaman padi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pertumbuhan dan produktivitas hasil beberapa varietas padi pada intensitas cahaya yang berbeda.Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Petak Terpisah (RPT) pola RAK 2x3 dengan 3 ulangan sehingga terdapat 6 kombinasi perlakuan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan intensitas cahaya berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap jumlah malai. Perlakuan intensitas cahaya juga berpengaruh nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman umur 8 dan 9 MST, jumlah anakan umur 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, dan 9 MST, berat gabah per rumpun dan potensi hasil per hektar. Sedangkan perlakuan varietas menunjukkan pengaruh yang sangat nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman umur 4, 5, 7, dan 8 MST, umur berbunga, umur panen, panjang malai, berat 1000 butir, berat gabah per rumpun, dan potensi hasil per hektar. Perlakuan varietas juga berpengaruh nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman umur 6 dan 9 MST, jumlah anakan umur 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, dan 9 MST, serta jumlah malai.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman padi terbaik terdapat pada perlakuan intensitas cahaya tinggi (4179 foot-candles) dengan varietas terbaik adalah Sanbei.Effect of light intensity on growth and yield of some varieties of rice plantAbstract. Rice plant is one of the world's food commodities affected by global climate change. Climate change causes changes in season patterns, so farmers are difficult to predict planting time. It will have a negative effect on the productivity of food plants, especially in rice plant. This study aimed to know the growth and productivity of several rice varieties at different light intensity.This research using Split Plot Design (RPT) with randomized block design factorial patterns 2x3 with 3 replications so that there are 6 combination of treatment. The results showed that the light intensity had a very significant effect on number of panicles. Light intensity treatment also had significant effect on plant height aged 8 and 9 weeks after planting (WAP), number of tillers aged 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 WAP, grain weight per hill and yield potential per hectare. The varieties treatment showed very significant effect on plant height 4, 5, 7, and 8 WAP, flowering age, harvest age, panicle length, 1000 grain weight, grain weight per clump, and yield potential per hectare. Varietal treatment also had significant effect on plant height aged 6 and 9 WAP, number of tillers aged 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 WAP, and number of panicles.The results showed the best growth and yield of rice plant found in high intensity light treatment (4179 foot-candles) with the best varieties is Sanbei.
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