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Background and Purpose-Current guidelines suggest that cardiac arrest (CA) survivors should be ventilated with 100% O 2 after resuscitation. Breathing 100% O 2 may worsen neurological outcome after experimental CA. This study tested the hypothesis that graded reoxygenation, with oximetry guidance, can safely reduce FiO 2 after resuscitation, avoiding hypoxia while promoting neurological recovery. Methods-Mature dogs underwent 10 minutes of CA and restoration of spontaneous circulation with100% O 2. Animals were randomized to 1-hour additional ventilation on 100% FiO 2 or to rapid lowering of arterial O 2 saturation to Ͻ96% but Ͼ94% with pulse oximeter guidance. Animals were awakened at hour 23, and the neurological deficit score (0ϭnormal; 100ϭbrain-dead) was measured. Reanesthetized animals were perfusion-fixed and the brains removed for histopathology. Results-The

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