Microbial community has been a major part in the drug industry. They are known for their effectiveness and do not cause any undesirable effects. Exploitation of bacteria could be fruitful for mankind. Bacteria play a major role in producing useful bioactive compounds. HSV-1 infection causes 80% of oral lesions. A majority of the population is infected by at least one herpes subtype of HSV-1 before adulthood. The infection in some cases does not produce any symptoms. Drugs for HSV-1 are becoming suppressive. In the present study, isolation of endophytic bacteria was carried out from medicinal plant. A grown bacterium was identified and confirmed using molecular 16S rRNA sequencing followed by extraction of bioactive compounds using solvents. Twelve bioactive compounds were then investigated for in vitro cytotoxicity assay and in vitro antiviral assay. Chloroform extract was found to be effective in inhibiting the virus.

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The medically important plant Ficus arnottiana (Miq.) Miq. belongs to the family ‘Moraceae’ have been used extensively by ayurvedic practitioners in India to treat various ailments. The plant was investigated for GC MS (Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy) analysis to identify the chemical composition present in chloroform and ethanol leaf extract of F. arnottiana. A total of twelve and sixteen bioactive compound, were observed in chloroform and ethanol leaf extract respectively. Maximum peak area was observed for Tritetracontane (24.29%), 2, 6-lutidine 3,5-dichloro-4-dodecylthio (12.78%).All the components identified possess various degrees of pharmacological properties. Further these compounds need investigation on toxicological properties before the development of potential lead molecule for therapeutic importance.

Macrophages are tissue-based phagocytes that play the central role in initiating defence mechanism of host immunity. Macrophage expresses inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) that inhibit pathogen replication by releasing a variety of effector molecules which includes nitric oxide (NO). In the present study ethanol extract of Piper nigrum Linn. (white pepper) seed was investigated for its cytotoxicity and in vitro immunomodulatory properties using cell proliferation and NO determination assay with J774a-1, macrophage cell line. The ethanol seed extract was found to exhibit toxicity at higher concentrations of 50?g/ml and 100?g/ml. The seed preparation was observed to enhance both, the proliferation of macrophage cell with higher percentage proliferation of 29.24 at 12.5?g/ml and the production of NO with significant stimulation level of 47.74% at 12.5?g/ml compared to the control. Since the results show the modulator effect of Piper nigrum Linn. seed on macrophage cells, it could be considered to possess immunomodulatory potential.

Antimicrobial resistance gained by the microorganisms is a global threat, which leads to economic loss as there will be treatment failure, loss of life, discovery of newer and better antimicrobials of any infections as there is need for discovery of newer and better antimicrobials. A total of forty five samples were collected from clinical wound cases in and around Parbhani Veterinary Hospitals. The total of 39 Gram negative and 17 Gram positive isolates includes Pseudomonas (24), E. coli (15) and Staphylococcus (17) spp, were confirmed by biochemical characterization. Susceptibility of isolates to seven antibiotics was tested using disc diffusion method according to the guidelines defined by Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute. Pseudomonas Isolates showing resistance to antibiotic for Ceftazidime, Levofloxacin were for E.coli isolates showing resistance to antibiotics Erythromycin, Tetracycline and For Staphylococcus isolates Penicillin and Enrofloxacin were resistance.