1 ФГБУ «Федеральный научно-исследовательский центр эпидемиологии и микробиологии им. почетного академика Н.Ф. Гамалеи» Минздрава России, Москва, Российская Федерация 2 ФГБУ «Федеральный научный центр трансплантологии и искусственных органов имени академика В.И. Шумакова» Минздрава России, Москва, Российская Федерация Возбудитель токсоплазмоза -Toxoplasma gondii способен длительно персистировать в различных тканях человека. Токсоплазмоз относят к оппортунистическим паразитозам, поскольку он представляет опасность для жизни пациента на фоне иммунной дисфункции. Серьезная проблема для здравоохраненияреактивация латентной инвазии при ВИЧ-инфекции и трансплантационных мероприятиях. Если у пациентов с ВИЧ-инфекцией доминирующей клинической формой является церебральный токсоплазмоз, то после пересадки органов наблюдается более широкий спектр поражений. Достоверно чаще наблюдаются токсоплазменные миокардиты и перикардиты. В работе анализируются показатели летальности при пересадке различных органов, сроки реактивации инвазии в посттрансплантационном периоде, связь реактивации с отменой профилактических препаратов. Объективно весьма трудна диагностика заболевания, что связано с труднодоступностью возбудителя, атипичной клинической картиной и невысокой чувствительностью лабораторных методов индикации. В этой связи полезен опыт зарубежных и отечественных исследований по поиску и использованию комплекса клинических, инструментальных, иммунологических и молекулярных критериев реактивации токсоплазмоза при иммунодефицитах человека. Приведены факты, убедительно демонстрирующие опасность, которую представляет токсоплазмоз; показана роль заболевания для различных областей медицины, в частности при трансплантации органов и тканей.

Introduction. The association between schizophrenia and toxoplasmosis has been demonstrated in a number of studies: the prevalence of schizophrenia is significantly higher in toxoplasmosis positive subjects than in those with T.gondii negative status. However, the clinical significance of this association remains poorly understood. Objectives. To identify clinical phenomena that are typical for toxoplasmosis-associated (T.gondii seropositive) schizophrenia compared to Toxoplasma-seronegative schizophrenia. Methods. A retrospective database analysis of serum samples from 105 inpatients with schizophrenia (ICD-10 code: F20; including 55 male patients; mean age of 27.4 ± 6.4 years) was carried out. The clinical examination involved a structured interview including ICD-10 and E. Bleuler's criteria for schizophrenia and psychometric tests (Positive and Negative Scales of PANSS). Serum antibodies (IgG) to T.gondii were identified using ELISA. The statistical significance of any differences were evaluated using the non-parametric Mann-Whitney (U) and χ 2 tests. Results. The proportion of seropositive patients in the sample was 16.2%. Comparing schizophrenia patients, who were seropositive or seronegative for toxoplasmosis, there were no statistically significant differences for the mean total PANSS score, mean PANSS-P, PANSS-N or PANSS-G scores. For the majority of PANSS items, differences were also statistically insignificant, except for G5 and G6-mannerism and posturing. Seropositive patients had a higher score for this item than seronegative patients: 3.5 versus 2.1 points (U=389.5; р=0.001). Depression, on the contrary, was less pronounced in seropositive than seronegative patients: 1.4 versus 2.4 points (U=509.5; р=0.023). In addition, in seropositive patients, the frequency of symptoms such as mutism according to ICD-10 criteria for schizophrenia Шизофрения и токсоплазмоз: ассоциация с кататоническими симптомами

BACKGROUND. The number of organ transplantation surgeries is growing every year, including heart transplantion. The full spectrum of infections in heart transplant recipients is not well understood. One of the infectious agents that is particularly difficult to recognize is Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii). AIM: This work determines the informative value of detecting laboratory markers of toxoplasmosis in patients after heart transplantation to identify active forms of invasion. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This investigation studied 121 heart recipients (95 men and 26 women) at different times after transplantation (several days to 12 years). Markers of Toxoplasma invasion were determined in blood sera, namely antibodies of the IgG, IgM, and IgA classes to T. gondii, avidity index of IgG antibodies to T. gondii, and DNA of the pathogen. RESULTS: In 60 patients (49.64.5%) after heart transplantation, markers of Toxoplasma invasion were identified. In 20 (16.53.6%) cases, markers of active invasion were revealed, namely IgM and IgA antibodies to T. gondii in six and 11 patients, respectively, low-grade IgG antibodies to T. gondii in three patients, and DNA of the pathogen in two cases. Based on the totality of studies, it was determined that the disease activity in 75% of cases was due to its reactivation, whereas in the other cases, it was a recent infection. Laboratory signs of toxoplasmosis reactivation occurred mainly during the first year after transplantation, which was probably associated with the intensity of immunosuppressive therapy. CONCLUSIONS: It was revealed that the most compelling studies indicating early signs of toxoplasmosis reactivation include detection of IgA antibodies to T. gondii and DNA of the pathogen. Further joint research is required by clinicians, epidemiologists, and laboratory diagnostics specialists to study the aspects of toxoplasmosis and disease diagnostics and preventionin patients after heart transplantation.