Soil is a vital non-renewable natural resource for food production. Healthy, nutritious, and good-quality food is only produced through healthy soil. As the essential food commodity in Indonesia, rice is mainly cultivated in heavily degraded paddy soil, characterized by low organic C content and available N, P, and K nutrients. The challenges of increasing food demand due to increasing population, narrow agricultural land, and climate change lead to severe pressure on paddy fields. Monitoring soil quality is necessary to prevent the ongoing degradation of rice fields and threaten food security. This paper is a literature review that reveals the importance of evaluating soil quality and determining the limiting factors so that a soil health-based paddy soil management strategy can be sought to sustain food security.

The increase in temperature due to global warming leads to a rise in abiotic and biotic stresses for plants. Biofilms can aid plants in overcoming multiple environmental stresses. The purpose of this article is to examine biofilm technology, mechanisms, and efficacy in assisting plant performance under multiple stresses. The methodology used to write this literature review is based on references that can be accessed online via Science Direct, Google Scholar, scopus.com, and other sources. The results demonstrated that interaction between plants and microorganisms in the rhizospheres could aid plants in coping with environmental stress caused by the formation of a biofilm on the root surface by a consortium of microorganisms in the rhizosphere. Biofilm provides numerous benefits for plants, including improved soil health, protection from pathogens, promotion of plant growth, assistance with nutrient absorption, decreased use of inorganic fertilizer, and increased environmental tolerance. Biofilm technology is a promising soil management strategy for assisting plant adaptation to environmental stresses, enhancing plant growth and productivity, and promoting soil health.

Mycorrhiza is a ‘super-organism,’ potential to support plants facing increment temperatures due to more open tree canopy cover. This research aimed to study how three different land covers affect the abundance and diversity of mycorrhiza spores in the UNS educational forests. The research was descriptive-explorative with a survey approach on three land covers with different canopy densities, i.e.: (1) mahogany, (2) pine, and (3) pine replanting, with a canopy cover of 95.56%, 80.93%, and 16.50%, respectively. Soil samples were taken by purposive random sampling at several points at a soil depth of 0-30 cm in a 200 m2 transect, then composited. Repeated each land cover was four times. The results showed that land cover with a more open canopy had a higher density of mycorrhiza spores than a dense canopy. The spores’ density on the land cover of Pine replanting> Pine> Mahogany was 865, 761, and 608 spores/100 g of soil, with a diversity index (H’) 1.00; 0.63; and 0.88, respectively. The types of spores found were Gigaspora sp., Glomus sp., and Archaeospora sp. Mycorrhizal spore density was related to soil temperature (r = 0.56*) and C-organic (r = - 0.68**). Mycorrhizae provide new hope to support plant tolerance facing higher temperatures due to climate changes at the UNS educational forests.

Organic farming practices are needed to maintain soil fertility and the health of horticultural products on the banks of the Bengawan Solo river in Jangglengan village, Sukoharjo. This community service aims to teach the farming community about organic farming principles and the practice of making liquid organic fertilizer to support healthy horticultural farming on riverbanks in the Jangglengan area. The partner group, the Jangglengan village government, involves 60 farmer representatives. The methods used were focus group discussion, practices for making liquid organic fertilizer, and evaluation. The results of community service activities show that 75% farmers can show good organic waste material for organic fertilizer, and 95% farmers had improved skills and were able to try making fertilizer by themselves. This organic farming socialization is a good start toward implementing good agricultural practices on the land along the Bengawan Solo River in Jangglengan.

To fulfils the demand of melons (Cucumis melo), it requires intensive maintenance by agrochemical products. If this is done continuously, it will lead to soil degradation and disrupt the sustainable food supply. Therefore, an innovation is needed to maintain the sustainable food supply using biofilm biofertilizer technology. This study aims are to determine the potential of bacteria isolated from melon rhizosphere to solubilize phosphate and producing indole acetic acid (IAA) so that it can be developed into biofilm biofertilizer. Soil samples were taken from three melon gardens owned by farmers located in Sragen Regency, Karanganyar Regency and Wonogiri Regency, Central Java. In the laboratory, the soil bacteria then isolated from the soil using the dilution method. The isolates obtained then tested for their ability to solubilize phosphate and produce IAA. Phosphate is an essential nutrient for plant growth and IAA is plant growth promoting. The results showed that the highest phosphate solubilization potential was produced by bacterial isolate SRG 1A with a halo zone ratio of 1.957 and the highest concentration of IAA was produced by bacterial isolate WNG 1B with a value of 6.151 ppm. Based on the ability of the bacteria, indicates that the obtained bacterial isolates have the potential to be developed as a biofilm biofertilizer to help the growth of melon plants because it has the potency to solubilize soil nutrient and produce IAA.