In order to assess the shelf life of a low fat spread (LFS) based on ghee, the product with (PS) and without (CS) added 0.05 % (w/w) preservative potassium sorbate and packaged in 200 g polystyrene tubs was stored at 5°C and evaluated for changes in sensory, physico-chemical and microbiological properties. On the basis of flavour score, the PS spread could be stored for 10 weeks without appreciable loss in quality as against the CS spread which could be stored only for 5 weeks. From the point of view of spreadability, body and texture and colour, the CS product was acceptable even after 11 weeks of storage. Use of preservative had an inhibitory effect on the development of free fatty acids (FFA) and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) reactive substances. While both the products showed an increasing tendency to whey off during storage, CS wheyed off more than PS. The two spreads showed similar oiling off, which increased slightly during the storage. Microbiologically, the ghee-based low fat spreads with and without preservative was stable for 9 and 3 weeks, respectively, from the view point of yeast and mould growth; but the preservative had little effect on the total viable count. Coliforms were absent in all the samples in fresh and during storage.

Considering the increasing demand to flavored milk and nutritional, therapeutic and post meal mouth freshener property of Piper betel leaves the present study was undertaken with object to optimize the levels of Piper betel leaves for developing flavoured milk and to study the sensory qualities as well as physico-chemical properties of Piper betel flavoured milk. Initially fresh cow milk was standardized to 2% fat and aqueous extract of piper betel leaves (PBLE) of different verities were prepared. The level of PBLE and sugar were optimized using CCRD of RSM. It was found that the flavoured milk prepared by the addition of the PBLE of Calcutta variety had obtained maximum scored for all the sensory qualities among other two varieties under study. In RSM trial the results showed that the colour and appearance, sweetness and overall acceptability score of milk was recorded maximum for formulation, having 5 per cent PBLE and 10 per cent sugar. The best solution exerted through the software, contained PBLE and sugar at 5.15 and 10.30 per cent, respectively. The validation of the prediction was done by actual observations recorded for sensory score. The optimized formulation had 8. 49, 8.50, 7.40, 8.30 and 8.15 score for colour and appearance, flavour, consistency, sweetness and overall acceptability, respectively. Consumers as a whole liked the product 'moderately' to 'very much' with an average score of 7.70.

No abstract

No abstract

The experiment was undertaken to study effect of soil application of cattle urine on growth and yield of spinach in Lateritic soil at wire house of Division of Soil Science and Agriculture Chemistry RCSM College of Agriculture Kolhapur during rabi- 2020. There are total seven nitrogen substitution treatments through urea and cattle urine. The treatment consist of absolute control, recommended dose of fertilizers (40:40:40 kg ha-1N, P2O5 and K2O), general recommended dose of fertilizers (40:40:40 kg ha-1 N, P2O5 and K2O + FYM @ 10 t ha-1), 75% RDN-urea + 25% N- cattle urine, 50% RDN-urea + 50% N-cattle urine, 25% RDN-urea + 75% N- cattle urine, 100% RDN-cattle urine replicated thrice in complexly randomized design. It could be observed from the data that pH and EC of lateritic soil was increased with the application of cattle urine for nitrogen substation. Significantly higher pH (7.67) and EC (1.01dsm-1) of lateritic soil was reported with the application of 100% RDN through cattle urine at first of spinach (46 DAS). Decreasing trend in soil EC was observed at second ut of spinach in all the treatments under study while non-significant results were obtained for soil reaction (pH) at second cut. Significantly higher (1.40%) and (1.07%) organic carbon in lateritic soil was reported with the application of 100% RDN through cattle urine at first and second cut of spinach. Calcium carbonate content in lateritic soil at both the cuts of spinach were recorded non- significant result due to the application of nitrogen through fertilizer and cattle urine. Significantly higher (253.93 kg ha-1) soil available nitrogen (253.93 and 184.97 kg ha-1), phosphorus (30.72 and 29.10 kg ha-1) and potassium (313.43 and 303.00 kg ha-1) were recorded at first and second cut of spinach with the application of 100% RDN through cattle urine respectively. Significantly higher DTPA Fe (26.55 and 24.30 mg kg-1), Mn (23.39 and 21.70 mg kg-1), Zn (7.09 and 3.84 mg kg-1) and Cu (12.01 and 9.12 mg kg-1) were recorded with the application of 100 % RDN thorough cattle urine. Further it can be seen from the data that DTPA availability of metallic micronutrients were higher in those treatments received cattle urine for either substitution of nitrogen @ 25,50, 75 or 100 percent.