To evaluate and compare the efficacy of eggshell derived calcium hydroxyapatite with Dycal ® as indirect pulp capping material in primary molars. Material and Methods: A total of 32 carious primary molars from 22 children (6-10-years) were screened, of which 26 primary molars meeting inclusion criteria were selected and equally divided into two groups. At the first appointment, the infected dentin was excavated using a spoon excavator after treating the carious part with Carie-Care™ chemomechanical caries removal agent. After this, eggshell derived calcium hydroxyapatite in Group 1 and Dycal ® in Group 2 were used as liners followed by restoration of the cavity with type IX glass ionomer cement. Clinical assessment for pain and radiographic assessment for measurement of the amount of reparative dentin thickness formation was performed at baseline, 8 weeks and 3 months. The data were subjected to statistical analysis by one-way ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Results: Higher mean reparative dentin formation was found in eggshell derived calcium hydroxyapatite group than Dycal ® group at the end of 8 weeks and 3 months and the difference was significant statistically (p<0.001). Conclusion: Eggshell derived calcium hydroxyapatite seems to be a suitable alternative to Dycal ® (calcium hydroxide) that can be used as a liner for indirect pulp capping in primary molars.

Objective:To compare the effectiveness of various caries removal techniques in mandibular primary molars using Smart Burs, atraumatic restorative technique (ART) (mechanical caries removal) and Carie-care (chemomechanical caries removal [CMCR]) among primary school children in clinical and community-based settings.Materials and Methods:A total of 80 carious primary mandibular molars were selected for the study from the dental clinic and community. They were equally assigned to four groups according to caries removal technique and also by the operating site. In Group 1, caries was removed using Carie-care in the dental clinic and in Group 2, with Smart Burs in the dental clinic. In Group 3, caries was removed using Carie-care in the field and in Group 4, with the ART in the field. The time taken for caries removal, the efficacy of caries removal and patient acceptance were evaluated with different caries removal techniques.Statistical Analysis:The obtained data were subjected to statistical analysis by ANOVA test.Results:In clinical settings, Carie-care was time-consuming but was more efficient with increased acceptance than Smart Burs and the result was found to be significant statistically (P < 0.05). In community-based settings, Carie-care was more efficient, less time consuming, and showed an increased acceptance when compared to atraumatic restorative treatment and the result was found to be significant statistically (P < 0.05).Conclusions:The CMCR technique was superior to the mechanical caries removal technique in primary teeth among school children in terms of time, efficacy, and acceptance in both clinical- and community-based settings.

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Overweight and obesity in youth is a worldwide public health problem. Predisposition to obesity starts during the first or second decade of life. Overweight and obesity in adolescents have a substantial effect upon many systems, resulting in clinical conditions such as metabolic syndrome, early atherosclerosis, dyslipidaemia, hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Our study was done to find the relation between body mass index (BMI) and lipid profile in young adults (18-20 years) and for the correlation between the various parameters. 150 young adults between 18-20 years of age, who gave written voluntary consent were included in the study. BMI was calculated after measuring height and weight along with fasting blood samples for estimation of blood glucose and lipid profile [Total cholesterol, High density lipoprotein (HDL), Low density lipoprotein (LDL), Very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and triacylglycerol (TGL)] were measured. The data collected was analysed using Statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) statistics software version 20. A linear correlation regression analysis was done to know the correlation between the anthropometric measurements and biochemical parameters. ANOVA test was performed to know the significance and a p value of < 0.01 was taken as significant. All the biochemical parameters showed a positive correlation with BMI. Total cholesterol had the highest positive correlation with BMI. There was a prevalence of 39.3% overweight/obesity as per BMI cut-off. Individuals who were in the obese category had a higher prevalence of abnormal lipid profile especially total cholesterol. Stress and lack of physical activity have a detrimental effect on health and are a major risk factor for development of obesity. 90% of the students in this study did not have any regular physical activity. Educating the students about effects of obesity and dyslipidaemia on quality of health can help in bringing life style modifications which can help them in the long run.