No abstract

The application of animal mesenchymal stem cells has been actively studied in veterinary medicine over the past decade. In horses, the use of stem cells is mainly aimed at the treatment and maintenance of the musculoskeletal system. This review summarizes the currently published data on the therapeutic use of mesenchymal stem cells in equine tendon injuries. Tendon lesions are the most common cause of horse limp. It has been demonstrated that the use of mesenchymal stem cells compared with traditional methods of treatment can significantly reduce the re-injury. Currently, there are a large number of stem cell application protocol versions. Many researchers have obtained positive clinical results in using a combination of mesenchymal stem cells and platelet-rich blood plasma. Studies have demonstrated the safety of using allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells as an alternative to autologous. This review shows that the application of mesenchymal stem cells for horse tendon regeneration is a perspective area in veterinary medicine.

We calibrate the k-ωSST turbulence model for free surface flows in the channel or on the slope using machine learning techniques. To calibrate the turbulence model, an experiment is carried out in an inclined rectangular research chute. In the experiment, the pressure values in the flow are measured at different distances from the bottom; after transforming data, the flow velocity profile is obtained. The k-ωSST turbulence model is calibrated based on experimental data using the Nelder-Mead optimization algorithm. The calibrated turbulence model is then used to calculate the glacial lake Maliy Azau outburst flood on the Elbrus (Central Caucasus).

* Работа выполнена в рамках НИР ¹ 0578-2018-0006 «Создание новых клеточных систем с заданными свойствами на основе стволовых клеток млекопитающих, в том числе сельскохозяйственных животных для ветеринарии, вирусологии и биотехнологии».

The creation of muscle tissue with use of cell engineering technologies is currently being evaluated as one of the most promising areas in various fields of science. The aim of the work was to assess the in vitro potential of bovine multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MMSCs) derived from bone marrow (BM) and adipose tissue (AT) to directed differentiation into muscle cells under the influence of various inducers. It was found that AT-MMSCs could differentiate into skeletal muscle cells (Sk-MCs) in response to inductive stimuli much more so than BM-MMSCs. When cultured for 28 days in the medium, supplemented with all-trans retinoic acid, bovine AT-MMSCs formed multinucleated myotubes and expressed markers of myogenesis MyoD1 and MyoG. The induction medium, including growth medium for myoblasts and horse serum, caused, in addition to myogenic differentiation, the appearance of adipocytes with lipid vesicles. The presence in the medium for differentiation of conditioned medium obtained from L6J1 rat myoblasts stimulated the directed differentiation of bovine AT-MMSCs into muscle cells, and the efficiency of its inducing action was higher. Thus, a sufficiently high potential of myogenic differentiation of bovine MMSCs has been demonstrated, these cells can be a potential source for large-scale production of Sk-MCs.