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Understanding optical interference is of great importance in fundamental and analytical optical design for next-generation personal, industrial, and military applications. So far, various researches have been performed for optical interference phenomena, but there have been no reports on plasmonic optical interference. Here, we report that optical interference could be effectively coupled with surface plasmons, resulting in enhanced optical absorption. We prepared a three-dimensional (3D) plasmonic nanostructure that consists of a plasmonic layer at the top, a nanoporous dielectric layer at the center, and a mirror layer at the bottom. The plasmonic layer mediates strong plasmonic absorption when the constructive interference pattern is matched with the plasmonic component. By tailoring the thickness of the dielectric layer, the strong plasmonic absorption can facilely be controlled and covers the full visible range. The plasmonic interference in the 3D nanostructure thus creates brilliant structural colors. We develop a design equation to determine the thickness of the dielectric layer in a 3D plasmonic nanostructure that could create the maximum absorption at a given wavelength. It is further demonstrated that the 3D plasmonic nanostructure can be realized on a flexible substrate. Our 3D plasmonic nanostructures will have a huge impact on the fields of optoelectronic systems, biochemical optical sensors, and spectral imaging.

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For downlink multiple-user (MU) transmission based on non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA), the advanced receiver strategy is required to cancel the inter-user interference, e.g., successive interference cancellation (SIC). The SIC process can be applicable only when information about the co-scheduled signal is known at the user terminal (UT) side. In particular, the UT should know whether the received signal is OMA or NOMA, whether SIC is required or not, and which modulation orders and power ratios have been used for the superposed UTs, before decoding the signal. An efficient network, e.g., vehicular network, requires that the UTs blindly classify the received signal and apply a matching receiver strategy to reduce the high-layer signaling overhead which is essential for high-mobility vehicular networks. In this paper, we first analyze the performance impact of errors in NOMA signal classification and address ensuing receiver challenges in practical MU usage cases. In order to reduce the blind signal classification error rate, we propose transmission schemes that rotate data symbols or pilots to a specific phase according to the transmitted signal format. In the case of pilot rotation, a new signal classification algorithm is also proposed. The performance improvements by the proposed methods are verified by intensive simulation results.Index Terms-Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA), blind signal classification, signaling overhead, spectrum efficiency, 5Genabled vehicular networks J. Kim is with the