Synthesis of the oxide dispersion sODS steels was performed by dispersing 0.5 wt % zirconia to the stainless steel SS 316L by the powder metallurgy method. The ball milling process was carried out for pre-alloying the elements continued with the consolidation performed by the compaction and sintering process using the APS (Arc Plasma Sintering). Analysis of microstructure was performed by observing the morphology, identify the phase and evaluate the oxide distribution. An oxidation test was carried out at 700oC for 8 hours using the MSB (Magnetic Suspension Balanced) apparatus to evaluate the primary oxidation curve. The same grain fineness consists of 2 dominant phases, so the presence of an austenitic phase and a ferritic phase has been analyzed from the X-Ray Diffraction pattern. The homogeneous distribution of zirconia was observed, followed by improvements in mechanical properties, which could be identified by hardness testing. The parabolic phenomenon oxidation curve was explained by the excellent high-temperature oxidation behaviour of the ODS steel, followed by the formation of  ZrO2 oxide protective thin layer.

An Austenitic ODS steel was developed for reactor structural material by dispersed 0.5 wt % of nano powder zirconia (ZrO2) to the AISI 316L steel. The synthesis was carried out by the powder metallurgy process with high energy milling and cooled compacting process. A new apparatus of APS (Arc Plasma Sintering) was used for consolidation the sample in the sintering process. Characterizations of the microstructure and elemental composition distribution were performed using the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) with X-ray Diffraction Spectroscopy (EDX) and area mapping. Identification for the change of phasesand hardness were analyzed using the XRD-test and Vickers Hardness measurement. Austenitic phase with relatively equiaxed grain and homogeny distribution of the ZrO2 dispersoid were identified after the sintering process followed by the improvement of hardness due to the pinning effect of the grain boundaries.

Synthesis of a ferritic ODS steel Fe-9Cr-0.5Y2O3 was carried out to develop as a candidate for nuclear fuel cladding material. The ODS steel was fabricated by powder metallurgy method with mechanical alloying, compaction and plasma sintering process. Effects of heat treatment on microstructure was investigated to enhance the mechanical properties. The heat treatment was carried out by annealing and tempering processes at temperatures of 900°C and 670°C with reference to the Fe-Cr phase diagram. Characterization was carried out using SEM-EDX and XRD test for microstructural analysis and Vickers hardness measurement. It is revealed that the heat treatment process will change the grain size and phase that affected the hardness of material.