An männlichen Wistar-Ratten wurde durch intraperitoneale Injektion von 0,50-0,75 g/kg D-Galaktosamin eine Hepatitis und durch einmalige, orale Applikation von 150 mg/kg -Naphthylisothiocyanat eine intrahepatische Cholestase erzeugt. Nach 12, 24, 48 und 72 Stdn. wurden die Konzentrationen des gesamten und freien Cholesterins in Leber und Plasma sowie die Aktivität der LecithinCholesterin-Acyl-Transferase im Plasma zusammen mit anderen Enzymaktivitäten gemessen: 1. Bei Galaktosamin-Hepatitis trat ein rascher Abfall der Aktivität auf 10% der Norm auf, während die Alanin-und AspartatTransaminase auf das 100-fache des Kontrollwertes anstiegen. 2. Parallel zum Abfall der Lecithin-Cholesterin-Acyl-Transferase sanken die Cholesterinester im Plasma auf 15% des Normwertes ab und blieben während der gesamten Beobachtungszeit erniedrigt, obwohl das freie Cholesterin nach 48-72 Stdn. deutlich anstieg. Dabei wurde auch ein Anstieg der Cholesterinester in der Leber bei gleichzeitiger Triglycerideinlagerung beobachtet. 3. Bei Cholestase nach -Naphthylisothiocyanat zeigte sich im Plasma nur ein relatives Absinken der Esterfraktion von 67 auf 43%, wegen der ungleich stärkeren Vermehrung des freien Cholesterins. In der Leber fand sich ein gegensinniges Verhalten, d. h. die Cholesterinester nahmen stärker zu als das freie Cholesterin. Die Lecithin-Cholesterin-Acyl-Transferase-Aktivität war dabei gegenüber der Norm nicht erniedrigt, sondern eher etwas erhöht. Diese Befunde sprechen dafür, daß die Bildung der Cholesterinester im Plasma von der Sekretion eines spezifischen Enzyms durch die Leber abhängt. Die Aktivität dieser Lecithin-Cholesterin-Acyl-Transferase im Plasma nimmt daher bei experimenteller Leberschädigung durch Galaktosamin rasch ab mit nachfolgender Erniedrigung der Cholesterinester. Cholesterol metabolism and plasma lecithin-cholesterol acyl transf erase in experimental hepatitis and cholestasis in the ratA hepatitis was produced in male Wistar rats by the intraperitoneal injection of 0.50-0.75 g D-galactosamine per kg, and an intrahepatic cholestasis was produced by a single peroral application of 150 mg -naphthyl-iso-thiocyanate per kg. After 12, 24, 48 and 72 hr, the concentrations of total and free cholesterol in the liver and plasma and the activity of the plasma lecithin-cholesterol acyl transferase were measured, together with other enzyme activities. 1. In galactosamine hepatitis there was a rapid fall in the activity of the lecithin-cholesterol acyl transf erase activity to about 10% of normal, while the alanine and aspartate transaminase increased 100-fold over the control values. 2. Parallel to the decrease of lecithin-cholesterol acyl transf erase, the plasma cholesterol esters fell to about 15% of the normal value and remained low for the duration of the observed period. The free cholesterol, however, showed a marked increase after 48-72 hr and there was also an increase in the cholesterol esters in the liver, accompanied by the deposition of triglycerides. 3. After -naphthyl-iso-thiocyanate there was only...

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It is possible to differentiate the proteinuria of glomerulonephritis by means of microelectrophoresis in polyacrylamide-gradient gels. The advantages of this method (quick, cheap, concentration of the urine not required) led to its introduction into clinical use. Upon separating the urinary proteins according to their molecular weight and form, four patterns of proteinuria may be differentiated: low molecular, intermediate and high molecular. Those forms of glomerulonephritis which show constant morphological and clinical findings (e.g. minimal proliferative glomerulonephritis, mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis with crescents) can be related to one of the four patterns of proteinuria, whereas the pattern of proteinuria in other forms of glomerulonephritis (e.g. (peri-)membranous glomerulonephritis, mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis) are dependent on the phase of the disease.

A radioimmunoassay was developed to determine serum myoglobin (SMb). 50 healthy persons showed values between 0 and 90 ng/ml. Serial tests of 10 patients following acute myocardial infarction or during angina pectoris (AP) indicated that SMb reached pathological values before CK and CK-MB (average 250 +/- 95 ng/ml at the time of hospitalisation which corresponds to 3.3 +/- 1.4 h after beginning of angina pectoris). At hospitalisation the simultaneously determined CK was within normal limits and reached pathological values only 6.2 +/- 1.9 h after the onset of angina. Maximum of SMb was 506 +/- 194 ng/ml occurring 8.8 +/- 2.8 h after beginning of AP, maximum of CK was 905 +/- 475 mU/ml occurring 20.0 +/- 7.8 h after AP. CK-MB and CK differed only slightly in their time course. One patient with severe AP had pathologically increased SMb values whilst all other enzymes were completely normal. Methodical and clinical results are discussed.

The amylase to creatinine clearance ratio was found to be normal in 11 of 33 patients with acute pancreatitis. The ratio was elevated in 10 of 19 patients with renal insufficiency. Thus, it does not seem to be a specific index in the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis.