Background:The ratio of digit lengths is fixed in utero, and may be a proxy indicator for prenatal testosterone levels.Methods:We analysed the right-hand pattern and prostate cancer risk in 1524 prostate cancer cases and 3044 population-based controls.Results:Compared with index finger shorter than ring finger (low 2D : 4D), men with index finger longer than ring finger (high 2D : 4D) showed a negative association, suggesting a protective effect with a 33% risk reduction (odds ratio (OR) 0.67, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.57–0.80). Risk reduction was even greater (87%) in age group <60 (OR 0.13, 95% CI 0.09–0.21).Conclusion:Pattern of finger lengths may be a simple marker of prostate cancer risk, with length of 2D greater than 4D suggestive of lower risk.

Objective To establish the safety and efficacy of the peri-alternative treatment with a Stamey bladder neck suspension. Dysuria for 48 h occurred in almost all urethral injection of silicone microimplants (Macroplastique@ ) for the treatment of genuine stress patients; two were catheterized overnight and one required a catheter for 6 weeks. A comparison of incontinence in women. Patients and methods Forty women (median age 50 maximum voiding pressures and flow rates before and 3 months after a single injection of Macroplastique years, range 27-74) with genuine stress incontinence confirmed on medium-fill video-cystometry were revealed no urodynamic evidence of obstructed voiding (n=25). recruited to the study. Macroplastique (3-7 mL) was injected periurethrally 1 cm distal to the bladder neck Conclusion Injectable silicone microimplants produced a good to excellent result in 73% of patients in the at three or four points 'around the clock' under cystoscopic control. Where possible, the urodynamic short-term and 58% of women maintained this response after 3 years. The injection is a day-case study was repeated after 3 months. Results were graded as excellent (dry, no protection), good (better, procedure which provides a satisfactory medium-term outcome in over half of patients with genuine stress but not totally dry) or poor (no improvement). Results Three months after a single injection, 16 (40%)incontinence. There are few side-effects and those patients with no improvement may go on to be treated were completely dry, 13 (33%) were improved and 11 (27%) were no better. Four patients who were by open surgery without complication. Keywords Genuine stress incontinence, peri-urethral improved were rendered dry by a second injection. After 3 years, 16 (40%) remained completely dry, injections, silicone seven (18%) were improved and 17 (42%) required urethral scarring due to fibrosis [6,7]. Any further

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Our results indicate that ILSC is safe and effective in preventing stricture recurrence in the long term. The recurrence rate of urethral strictures was significantly lower when ILSC was continued for more than 12 months compared with ILSC that was stopped at 6 months. We conclude that catheterization for at least 1 year is required to achieve adequate urethral stabilization.