ABSTRAKKondisi dan dinamika perairan laut sangat dipengaruhi antara lain parameter oseanografi fisik dan kimia. Parameter oseanografi fisik dan kimia ini penting karena berpengaruh terhadap kondisi dan kualitas perairan Pulau Kerumputan Kabupaten Kotabaru. Seperti diketahui perairan Kabupaten Kotabaru dan pulau-pulau kecilnya sangat dinamis karena terletak antara Laut Jawa dan Selat Makassar. Perairan ini semakin strategis karena dimanfaatkan dalam berbagai bidang seperti pelayaran, perikanan tangkap, transportasi, pertambangan dan lain sebagainya. Adanya dinamika perairan dan pemanfaatan ruang laut ini akan mempengaruhi kondisi perairan secara fisik dan kimia. Dengan kondisi perairan seperti ini diperlukan kajian oseanografi sehingga diperoleh informasi dasar karakteristik oseanografi fisik-kimia pada perairan Pulau Kerumputan dan sekitarnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik parameter fisika dan kimia perairan Pulau Kerumputan. Parameter fisik-kimia perairan yang diukur adalah arus, kedalaman, kecerahan, kekeruhan, suhu, pH, oksigen terlarut, salinitas, tekstur sedimen, nitrat dan fosfat. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian ini didapatkan suhu pada kisaran 27-30 0 C, salinitas 28-29 ‰, perairan cukup keruh dan terlindung dari gelombang, kecepatan arus yang relatif kuat, nutrient Nitrat 0,4-1,5 mg/l dan Posfat 0,09-0,15 mg/l, nilai rerata ukuran butir substrat (mean) 1,214 dengan tekstur pasir. Hasil analisa ini secara umum menunjukkan kondisi baik dan cocok untuk kehidupan biota laut sesuai standar baku mutu yang sudah ditetapkan oleh Kementrian Negara Lingkungan Hidup (Kepmen LH) No. 51 Tahun 2004.Kata kunci: Fisik-Kimia, Kerumputan-Kotabaru, Biota Laut. ABSTRACT

Its crucial to get information about lead (Pb) heavy metal pollution from mining and oil palm plantation on species density in mangrove ecosystem, to anticipate its impacts. This study aimed is to compare the types and densities of vegetation in mangrove ecosystems allegedly due to mining in Setarap village, Tanah Bumbu Regency and oil palm plantations in Kuala Tambangan Village, Tanah Laut Regency. We also analysis the condition of waters (TDS, pH and DO) and organic content in sediments to acquire data from the South Kalimantan mangrove ecosystems. The results showed there were four species of true mangroves (Avicennia alba, Acanthus ebracteatus, Nypa fruticans and Rhizophora apiculate) could live well in the environment affected by mining or oil palm plantations. The species density for trees was low (933 ind/ha) for mangroves affected by coal mines, while those affected by oil palm plantations had higher densities (1,067 ind/ha). pH value of waters in affected area by coal mining showed more acidic value (pH 5.76) especially at the back, while those by palm oil plantations are more acidic (pH 6) in the estuary. Organic matter content in sediments affected by coal mines was in the range of 0.61-6.59%, while those affected by oil palm plantations showed higher values (0.12-2.19%). Lead heavy metal content (Pb) in waters affected by coal mines was 0.031-0.056 mg/L, while the area affected by oil palm plantations was of higher value (0.110-0.128 mg/L). Lead (Pb) levels in sediments indicate higher values than waters, which reach 3.512-6.046 mg/Kg (affected by coal mines), and in areas affected by oil palm plantations reaching 6.658-6.66 mg/Kg. The general conclusion is that vegetation densities in areas affected by coal mines are lower than oil palm plantations. The level of lead  (Pb) pollution in the sediments is higher than in the waters.

The waters of Kunyit Island on the east is one of the coastal waters in Kotabaru Regency that has the potential for marine tourism. However, in development is still a lot of obstacles, including the suitability of land for marine tourism have not been identified. Utilization of coastal and marine resources in the waters of Kunyit Island on east may be the development of marine tourism such as diving. The purpose of this study was to determine the suitability of land suitability level of marine tourism in the waters of Kunyit Island on  east based on physical oceanographic parameters and BioEcology. The method used is the descriptive method with the help of analysis Travel Suitability Index (IKW) which generates the conformity travel. The results of this study indicate that the results of marine tourism suitability for diving in a class quite suitable (S2) with an area of 17.44 ha (78.72%) and is not suitable (N ) with an area of 4.71 ha (21.28%).

Changes in the water quality, sediment, and the presence of heavy metals in the environment have a close links with human activities including the presence of pollutants in the mangrove ecosystem. The purpose of this study is to compare water and sediment quality as well as heavy metal pollution from lead (Pb) in mangrove ecosystems affected by anthropogenic activities (oil palm plantations and mining) in South Kalimantan. The research was carried out for 4 months (June until September 2019) from four villages (Kuala Tambangan, Bunati, Angsana and Setarap) in South Kalimantan Province. The purposive sampling method is used for sampling, which is determined in estuary, middle and inland parts, based on the area division of mangrove ecosystem. Data analysis was performed descriptively while differences in each location were tested using bivariate analysis (Pearson). The results showed that the water quality at the four observation sites was above the standard of Government Regulation number 82 of 2001. There are four values with the highest parameters found in the village of Kuala Tambangan, the first is total dissolved solids (TDS) that reaching ± 8.005 mg / L, nitrite (NO2) as N (± 0.13 mg/L), nitrate (NO3) as N (±0.11 mg/L) and color levels that reach ±129.33 ptCo. The other two highest parameters in Setarap Village are turbidity and dissolved oxygen. Turbidity value reaches ± 16.01 NTU while dissolved oxygen (DO) value is around ±5.92 mg/L. The highest pH value can be found in Bunati Village (± 7.54). The average value of heavy metals in Lead (Pb) is also above the standard of the Minister Decree of Environment in 2004, recorded in waters 0.04 - 0.36 mg/L (highest in Angsana Village ±0.31 mg/L) and sediment 0.01 - 17.43 mg/L (highest in Angsana Village ±15.05 mg/L). The highest water content in sediment comes from Kuala Tambangan village (±6.6%), while the highest organic sediment content is found in Angsana village (±7.8%). Bivariate analysis results used to determine differences between sampling locations showed that the levels of Nitrite (NO2) as N (α = 0,000), Nitrate (NO3) as N (α = 0,000)), pH (α = 0,000), Color (α = 0,000), and Dissolved Oxygen (DO) (α = 0,000), sediment water content (α = 0,000) and heavy metal Pb content in water and sediment (α = 0,000) are differ between mangrove ecosystems in Angsana and Setarap Village.