Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a serious and common infectious disease of the liver, affecting millions of people throughout the world. The incubation period for HBV is 45-180 days, most commonly 60-90 days. Hepatitis B reactivation is the reappearance or rise of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA in the serum of patients with past or chronic HBV infection. Reactivation can occur in a variety of clinical settings, usually in the context of an immunosuppressed state or immunosuppressive therapy. The aim of study is to find out the reasons that lead to reactivation of hepatitis B virus. The study conducted during the period from September 2019 to February 2020 the sample size were 135 individuals include 85 patients and 50 control with 56.47% female and 43.53% male) blood samples. A 42 (49.41%) from patients have reactivated HBV positive results as detected by ELISA assay . A five samples at a rate of 5.88% from these are HBV reactivation by PCR technique.

The present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of two type of laser (532 nm with energy 4 mW and 650 nm with energy 135) on physical characteristics of serum proteins. All subjects of study were 15 men and their ages ranged between 18 to 25 years old. The blood samples were left to coagulate and centrifuged to obtained sera. Sera samples were divided in to three groups, the first group left without irradiation to serve as a control group, the second group was irradiated with laser 532 nm with 4mW for 10 minutes, and the third group was irradiated with laser 650 nm with 135 mW energy for 10 minutes. After irradiation, all samples were analyzed by using HPLC instrument. The results were indicated there were a significant changes among peaks of curves of irradiated samples compared to control group. Also, there were many obvious differences were noted among irradiated groups. From results mentioned above can be concluded that laser energy may be cause and create bonds inter and intra molecules of proteins across oxidation processes that finally change morphological and modifications structures of proteins molecules.

Hypertension is one of the most common chronic diseases characterized with continuous elevation of blood pressure. The present study involved tested 45 hypertensive men and 45 hypertensive women. Sixty (60) apparently healthy subjects (30 men and 30 women) were also included to serve as a control group. All men and women were subdivided into three groups according to their ages (41-50, 51-60, 61-70 years old).Results yield from present study indicated a significant decrease (p<0.05) in the levels of testosterone and estradiol in first age group of hypertensive men and women respectively and there were nonsignificant differences (p>0.05) in second and third age groups of patients compared to healthy groups.A significant progressive increase (p<0.05) in the levels of tissue factor (TF) in all groups of hypertensive men and women compared to healthy groups. In contrast, values of tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) confirmed a significant lowering (p<0.05) in all age groups of hypertensive men and women when compared with those healthy subjects. In conclusion, data obtained from this study can be attributed to damage of vascular system resulted from continuous increase blood pressure, drop of sexual hormones, and aging

Ionizing radiation effect on atoms and molecules of living organisms by formation of free radicalsbecause it has high energy radiation which causes gain or loss one electron or more. In last year’sthere are a biggest interest for using nanoparticles in medicine as a drag delivers or cancer treatments, as its will knew. The present research was focused to evaluate the effects of X- ray and nanoparticles(alone or together) on level of Malondiahyed ( MDA ) , it is the final product of oxidative reactions ,and, on the other hand , alleviate these effects by addition of vitamin – E ( as anti- oxidant ) in bloodsamples in-vitro. Results which were yield from this research indicated that level of MDA had beensignificantly increased when blood samples exposed to X- rays but its values were significantly droppedin the presence of nanoparticles of titanium dioxide (TiO2) in a comparison with those non- treatedblood samples ( control samples ) . It was well found that levels of MDA were markedly decrease inthe samples treated with V- E after exposure them with both X-ray and nanoparticles . From thoseobservations , it appear that exposure of living tissues to X-rays and nanoparticles causing productionof free radicles ( oxidative stress ) and these adverse effects can be limited and ameliorated by treatmentwith antioxidant vitamins .