OBJECTIVES:To evaluate in vitro, the effect of 38% silver diamine fluoride (SDF) pretreatment on the microleakage and shear bond strength of resin-modified glass ionomer cement to primary dentin. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 80 extracted sound primary molars were included in this in-vitro study and randomly assigned into four equal groups (n=20 teeth/group) according to the evaluation test performed. For microleakage test, class V cavities were prepared on the buccal surface of teeth in Group I (experimental)(n=20): Primary dentin pretreated with 38% SDF for three minutes and Group II (control)(n=20): Primary dentin treated with distilled water for three minutes. Class V cavities were restored with RMGIC, thermo-cycled, immersed into 1% methylene blue solution for 24h, sectioned longitudinally in a bucco-lingual direction and then examined under stereomicroscope at 40x magnification. Also forty teeth were assigned for SBS test and randomly grouped into Group III (experimental) (n=20): Primary dentin flat surface pretreated with 38% SDF. Group IV (control) (n=20): Primary dentin flat surface pretreated with distilled water. Using a Universal Testing machine SBS were determines. Failure mode was evaluated using stereomicroscope. Data were collected and subjected to statistical analysis. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference in microleakage between experimental and the control group (P=0.21). However, the experimental group had significantly higher SBS than the control group. (P=0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Primary dentin pretreatment with 38% SDF does not influence the marginal seal of RMGIC to primary dentin. However, it raises the shear bond strength between them.

INTRODUCTION:Dental caries is a preventable chronic disease. Topical fluorides have been commonly used to manage caries. Nano silver fluoride is promising material in prevention and remineralization of early enamel caries in primary teeth. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate, in-vitro, the remineralizing potential of nano silver fluoride on enamel caries-like lesions in primary teeth in comparison to silver diamine fluoride and sodium fluoride varnish using energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty-Two extracted or exfoliated caries free primary teeth were collected and coated with nail varnish leaving squares of 4x4 mm exposed enamel on labial surfaces. Caries like lesions were created by immersion in demineralizing solution for 4 days. Teeth were divided into four groups, group I (n=8) treated with nano silver sodium fluoride (NSSF), group II (n=8) treated with 38% silver diamine fluoride (SDF), group Ш (n=8) treated with 5% sodium fluoride varnish (NaF) and group IV (n=8) left untreated (negative control). All groups were subjected to pH cycling for 10 days. Specimens were evaluated quantitatively using EDX through elemental analysis of Calcium (Ca), Phosphorus(P), Fluoride(F) and Calcium Phosphate ratio(Ca/P) at baseline, after demineralization and after pH cycling. Data were recorded and statistically evaluated.Significance was inferred at P-value <0.05 RESULTS: Using Paired t-test, mean Ca and P increased significantly in the three groups (P=0.01) with no statistical significant difference between them. Using Wilcoxon signed rank test, mean F increased significantly in treated groups of NSSF, SDF and NaF (P= (0.002), (0.003) (0.01)) respectively. Using Kruskal Wallis test, NSSF group showed significantly the highest mean F ion content after remineralization (P=0.02). CONCLUSION: Nano silver fluoride is as effective as SDF and NaF varnish in remineralization of enamel caries like lesions in primary teeth. Moreover, nano silver fluoride showed a notable increase in F compared to SDF and NaF varnish.

Chlorhexidine usage as a cavity disinfectant in atraumatic restorative treatment.

INTRODUCTION:Minimal intervention approaches are now utilized to remineralize carious lesion and maintain a functional tooth. Remineralizing agents as silver diamine fluoride (SDF) was found to be able to arrest caries lesions by effectively remineralizing the demineralized tooth structure. OBJECTIVE: Evaluate and compare the remineralizing effect of 38% SDF and 5% sodium fluoride (NaF) varnish on dentin caries-like lesions of primary teeth. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty sound primary teeth were selected. The enamel layer of each tooth on the labial surface was removed exposing the dentin, which was then covered with nail varnish exposing a 4x4 dentin window that underwent demineralization. Each tooth was sectioned through the window labiolingually into mesial and distal specimens. One half was treated with test material (test group), while the other was left untreated (control group). Specimens were assigned to 2 groups according to treatment agent; group I: 20 specimens were treated using 38% SDF, group II: 20 specimens were treated using 5% NaF. Evaluation was conducted using Energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX) and Polarized light microscope. Independent t test was used to compare between groups while within group comparisons were done using Repeated Measures ANOVA followed by post hoc test with Bonferroni correction while paired t test was used to compare lesion depth within group. Significance level was set at P value 0.05 RESULTS: Both groups showed a statistically significant percentage increase in calcium (P=0.002) and calcium phosphate ratio (P<0.0001). This increase was in favor of SDF. Statistically significant percent reduction in lesion depth was found in the SDF group in comparison to the NaF group (83.18 (7.76) and 45.73 (12.76) respectively, P<0.0001). CONCLUSION: 38% SDF solution and 5% NaF varnish showed remineralizing effect on artificial carious dentin. However, SDF demonstrated superior reineralizing potential than NaF in terms of mineral content as well as lesion depth.