Development of new shallot varieties requires genetic variation

Genetic information plays an important role in plant selection. This research was aimed to obtain genetic information on pattern inheritance of yield and yield component characters of two crosses population of birds chili. The research used biparental mating design consisted of 40 plants of parents population (P1 and P2), 40 plants of first generation (F1) and reciprocal (F1R) populations, 100 plants of backcross populations (BCP1 and BCP2), and 300 plants of second generation population (F2). Scaling test and joint scaling test indicated the presence of gene interaction (epistasis) in two crosses population. Estimates gene effect also showed that fruit weight character in crosses population of IPB C145 x IPB C174 was controlled by duplication epistasis, while yield per plant character in crosses population of IPB C145 x IPB C291 was controlled by complementary epistasis. All characters of both crosses populations had high broad sense heritability, but the characters in crosses population of IPB C145 x IPB C174 had medium to high narrow sense heritability, while the characters in crosses population of IPB C145 x IPB C291 had low to medium narrow sense heritability. Genetic difference between parents seemed to affect gene action of a character, in which yield per plant, number of fruits per plant, fruit weight, and fruit length characters in crosses population of IPB C145 x IPB C291 with small genetic difference were more controlled by the action of non additive gene than crosses population of IPB C145 x IPB C291 with large genetic difference.Keywords: epistasis, gene action, genetic difference, heritability, yield

Characters on hypocotyl dan cotyledon are very potential to be used as effective and efficient morphology markers for some crop plants. However PENDAHULUANCabai dikenal sebagai tanaman menyerbuk sendiri yang umumnya memiliki nilai heterosis yang rendah dan diarahkan untuk menjadi varietas galur murni. Namun, terdapat penelitian yang melaporkan bahwa tanaman cabai memiliki persentase penyerbukan silang alami lebih dari 50% (Campodonico, 1983) dan memiliki nilai heterosis yang tinggi Daryanto et al., 2010;Sitaresmi et al., 2010). Selain itu, lebih dari 80% varietas cabai di Indonesia adalah varietas hibrida bukan varietas

Leunca (Solanum nigrum L. ) is one of the indigenous vegetables in Indonesia. The fruit of this vegetable is green and has bitter taste because of its tannin content. The objectives of this study were to get lethal dose 50 (LD50), diversity and to obtain candidates of mutant plants with high and low tannin content in young fruit and ripe fruit in leunca. The research was conducted at Pasir Kuda experimental station, Bogor; National Nuclear Energy Agency (BATAN), Jakarta; and postharvest laboratory of the Center for Tropical Horticulture Studies (PKHT IPB), Bogor, from December 2016 to July 2017. Leunca accession of SN 20 and SN 29 were irradiated using doses of 0, 100, 150, 200, and 250 Gy of gamma ray. The LD50 values for SN 20 and SN 29 were 171.944 Gy and 190.949 Gy, respectively. The analysis of tannin content was performed based on permanganate method by titration using potassium permanganate. The results showed that the highest tannin content of green stage fruit was found in SN20D3.5 with 200 Gy dose and the lowest was found in SN29D1.5 with 100 Gy dose. The highest tannin content of ripe fruit was found in SN20D4.6 with dose of 250 Gy and the lowest was found in SN20D3.1 with dose of 200 Gy. Recommended tannin content for leunca is the low tannin content.Keywords: diversity, gamma ray, indigenous vegetable, irradiation, LD50