Natural tourism development is expected to provide added value for ecological and economic aspects of protected areas. Natural tourism activities can generate revenue which can be allocated for conservation as well as provide economic benefits for local communities. With the proviso that tourism activities still benefit communities’ economy, then it possibly will increase their awareness and participation in conservation activities. This research aims to determine the contribution of tourism activities for households’ economy and national park management. Particularly, the contribution of Halimun Salak National Park tourism household income sharing, total household expenses, as well as stakeholder perception related to the conservation at HSNP. The results determine the economic benefits of natural tourism for the community. 66% of local household income was generated from natural tourism and tourism income meets 91% of household expenditure of local communities. Tourism activities could driving community’s participation for conservation in Halimun Salak National Park due to their economic dependencies on tourism.

Ciletuh in Sukabumi area was inaugurated as a Global Geopark by UNESCO in 2017, and has many potential natural resources such as Palangpang Beach as a leading tourism area of Ciletuh Geopark. Palangpang Beach in Ciletuh Bay is also an estuary area used by fishermen to collect fish in Fish Auction (TPI). Fishermen on Palangpang Beach are categorized as small fishermen according to the size of the capture fishery units, which results in the fishermen on Palangpang Beach prefer to take part in tourist activities by chartering boats for tourists to increase their income. The objectives of the study were to investigate the impact of Geopark establishment on fishermen's livelihood and to establish ecotourism development strategies in supporting the sustainable livelihood. The method used for sustainable livelihood analysis was descriptive analysis. The results showed that increased sustainable livelihood assets of fishermen were found in human capital, social capital, physical capital, and economic and financial capital, while natural capital assets declined. The Geopark Ciletuh development strategy to improve the sustainable livelihood can be performed through the fishermen involvement in capture fishery and Geopark tourism management such as by becoming a tour guide, a fishing trainer, an educator who educates on fishing weather in fisheries, a mangrove planter, and a coral reef educator.

Economic development in Indonesia since 1980s is dealing with conversion of agricultural land to industry, housing, and other sector in city and its periphery. Land conversion have a great impact to food production rather than the impact from technical problem (drought and pest problem). Government need to preserve agricultural land in order to maintain food production. Thus government made a mandatory approach byissued Law No. 41 year 2009. The aim of this research are to identify an actual socioeconomic characteristics in the area of land preservation program (LP2B) in Kuningan Regency, to identify farmers perception on LP2B and to analyze socioeconomic suitability in the areaof LP2B program. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and likert scale. Based on the result, there are nine socioeconomic indicator on land preservation program (LP2B) in Kuningan Regency, namely; land conversion rate, food balance, disparity between farm and non-farm income, agriculture households, agriculture labor, farmers’ groups, spatial planning policies and farmers perceptions. Farmers have a positive perception on LP2B program. Land preservation program (LP2B) priority should be donein Cilimus sub district due to low support of socio economic characteristic. Meanwhile Ciawigebang and Cibingbin sub district become a next priority of preservation.<br />Keyword : farmer’s perception, food security, land conversion, socioeconomic of LP2B

ABSTRAKPerluasan area Taman Nasional Gunung Halimun Salak (TNGHS) tidak dapat dipisahkan dari adanya trade off antara kepentingan konservasi dan kepentingan ekonomi masyarakat. Salah satu alternatif solusi guna mengatasi masalah tersebut adalah dengan menerapkan kegiatan wisata alam di TNGHS. Hal ini juga diharapkan dapat mendorong partisipasi masyarakat dalam melestarikan taman nasional. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengkaji peran wisata alam dalam menjaga fungsi konservasi taman nasional yang sekaligus dapat meningkatkan perekonomian masyarakat di TNGHS. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis pendapatan yang mencakup share wisata pada pendapatan total serta seberapa besar penerimaan wisata dapat memenuhi pengeluaran rumah tangga dan konservasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa manfaat ekonomi wisata alam yang diperoleh masyarakat adalah sebesar 66% pada total pendapatan dan pendapatan tersebut dapat memenuhi sebesar 91% dari pengeluaran rumah tangga. Sementara itu, terdapat pula penerimaan wisata berupa Penerimaan Negara Bukan Pajak (PNBP) yang dapat memenuhi sebesar 343% dari dana konservasi.Kata kunci: covering wisata, manfaat ekonomi, pendanaan konservasi, share wisata, TNGHS ABSTRACT The broadening of Mount Halimun Salak National Park (TNGHS) area is unseparable from the trade off between conservation interest and community' economic interests. An alternative solution to overcome these problems is an action to conduct natural tourism activities in TNGHS. This action is also expected to encourage the participation of community in preserving national parks. The purpose of this study is to examine economic benefits of nature tourism for maintaining the function of conservation of national parks which at the same time can improve the community' economy in TNGHS area. The methods used are income analysis which includes ratio of economic benefits from tourism activity to total income and covering of economic benefits from tourism to household expenditure and to conservation fund. The results showed that the economic benefits from natural tourism activity obtained by the community was 66% of the total income and it could also fulfil 91% of household expenditure. In addition, ecotourism activities also generate tourism revenue which is called as PNBP as much as 343% of conservation funds.

Perubahan peruntukan lahan yang semula hutan di Kalimantan Tengah menjadi perkebunan Kelapa Sawit, baik perkebunan rakyat (smallholders) maupun perkebunan besar negara ataupun perkebunan besar swasta terjadi secara besar-besaran. Ekspansi Kelapa Sawit membawa perubahan sosial-budaya dan ekonomi masyarakat setempat, baik secara langsung maupun tidak langsung. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah: (1) Mengidentifikasi peran kelembagaan dalam tata kelola Kelapa Sawit di Desa Beringin Agung Kabupaten Kotawaringin Timur dan Desa Pendahara Kabupaten Katingan Kalimantan Tengah; dan (2) Menelaah kebijakan stakeholder dalam menghadapi perubahan struktur nafkah rumah tangga. Penelitian dilakukan di Desa Beringin Agung Kabupaten Kotawaringin Timur-merepresentasikan wilayah yang telah terkonversi Kelapa Sawit secara masiv oleh rumahtangga petani migran (Suku Jawa) dan di Desa Pendahara Kabupaten Katingan-merepresentasikan wilayah terkonversi Kelapa Sawit oleh petani lokal (Suku Dayak). Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan dua pendekatan, yaitu kualitatif dan kuantitatif dengan menggunakan analisis stakeholder. Pengaruh dan kepentingan stakeholders di lokasi penelitian mempunyai karakteristik berbeda antara Desa Pendahara di Kabupaten Katingan dengan Desa Beringin Agung di Kabupaten Kotawaringin Timur. Di Desa Pendahara, terdapat 4 (empat) stakeholder yaitu Damang, Kelompok Tani, Pemerintah Desa dan UPTD Pertanian. Semenntara di Desa Beringin Agung 3 (tiga) stakeholder yang terlibat dalam tata kelola Kelapa Sawit yaitu Pemerintah Desa, Balai Penyuluhan Pertanian dan Koperasi. Stakeholder yang ada di Desa Pendahara, perlu mempersiapkan diri untuk bisa turut memberdayakan golongan masyarakat lapisan bawah. Dari segi struktur kelembagaan di Desa Beringin Agung dalam pengelolaan perkebunan kelapa sawit sudah lebih stabil dibandingkan dengan Desa Pendahara. Sistem yang ada terkait dengan pengelolaan lahan kelapa sawit juga sudah lebih kuat di Desa Beringin Agung.