The value of terrestrial carbon sequestration in urban areas, due to lack of vegetation as a carbon sink, is rarely studied. In fact, urban areas have high carbon emission values, which must be minimised. On the other hand, the value of carbon sequestration in urban areas is very dynamic due to natural factors from the environment and non-natural factors from anthropogenic activities. The main objectives of this study are to identify the carbon dioxide sequestration in urban areas, especially in tropical climates, and to determine the dynamics of carbon sequestration in urban areas for a year. The results show that carbon sequestration in tropical urban areas has a significant value compared with urban areas in temperate climates. This condition happens because there are still green open spaces in gardens and agricultural lands. The value of carbon sequestration in this tropical urban area experiences monthly dynamics caused by rainfall variation and anthropogenic activities, such as land conversion and plant type conversion in agricultural lands.

This study aimed to investigate the use of supplements among amateur boxers, including the types and brands of supplements and the ways and reasons for taking them. The sample is divided into three categories: elite, youth, and junior. The research method is a survey using a Google form which is distributed to all amateur boxers. The results showed that 200 amateur boxers used supplements, including 125 elite amateur boxers, 55 youth amateur boxers, and 20 junior amateur boxers. A total of 130 boxers received supplements from coaches, officials, administrators, and Indonesian National Sports Committee (KONI). A total of 111 amateur boxers used only one type of supplement. The most widely used types of supplements are multivitamins and minerals. A total of 102 amateur boxers used supplements within 4-5 months before the competition. Amateur boxers can feel good effects after using supplements. However, counseling about sports nutrition by doctors and nutritionists needs to be done so that amateur boxers can choose the right supplements and be more careful in using these supplements. These findings can be a reference for coaches and athletes to determine the right supplements to regulate nutrition better.

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The urban physical development in Yogyakarta occurs continuously due to the high intensity of the economic activity in the service provision and trade sector. This physical development is considered to give a negative impact to the physical, social, and economic environment. This study aims to get an overview regarding the effect of the growth of the built area in Yogyakarta to the physical, social, and economic environment. This study utilizes both quantitative and qualitative approach. The land use change is assessed qualitatively by utilizing the spatial analysis method to figure out the expansion of the built area. The spatial analysis is also utilized to figure out the impact of development based on the community perceptions and put the finding of this study on the map. Meanwhile, the quantitative approach is utilized to conduct a statistical analysis in order to examine the level of influence of built-up area development on the physical, social, and economic aspect of each district in Yogyakarta City.