Abstract. Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is an emerging infectious pathogen of concern to the alpaca industry. A 4-month-old, intact, male alpaca cria was diagnosed as persistently infected with BVDV on the basis of repeated positive antemortem polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and virus isolation (VI) assays and negative serologic titers to BVDV. Immunohistochemistry, real-time reverse transcription PCR, and VI performed on tissues collected at necropsy demonstrated disseminated BVDV-1b infection. Virus was detected in multiple tissues, including parotid salivary gland, testes, prostate, kidneys, skin, and gastrointestinal tract. Demonstration of BVDV in previously unreported tissues suggests additional potential routes of BVDV transmission in alpacas.

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Three dogs were examined for clinical signs ultimately attributed to systemic fungal infections. One dog was evaluated for chronic, ulcerated dermal lesions and lymphadenomegaly; one dog was examined for acute onset of unilateral blepharospasm; and one dog had diarrhea and hematochezia. Two of the dogs were diagnosed with blastomycosis (one with disseminated disease and the other with the disease localized to the left eye). The third dog was diagnosed with disseminated histoplasmosis. None of the dogs originated from, or had traveled to, typical regions endemic for these fungal diseases. All diagnoses were established from histopathology and either polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or cytology and culture. The two dogs diagnosed with blastomycosis were treated with either itraconazole or ketoconazole with apparent resolution of the infections. The dog with ocular involvement had an enucleation prior to beginning therapy. The dog diagnosed with histoplasmosis was euthanized without treatment. In patients with characteristic clinical features, systemic fungal infections should still be considered as differential diagnoses regardless of their travel history.