-The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of inclusion of dietary glycerol in replacement to starch on the growth and energy metabolism of Nile tilapia juveniles. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design with four treatments (0, 5, 10, and 15% purified glycerol) and six replicates. Pelleted, isonitrogenous, and isocaloric diets were provided for 60 days. Growth performance parameters and muscle glucose and protein concentrations were not affected by dietary glycerol levels. The treatment with 15% glycerol presented higher levels of muscle and liver triglycerides. A quadratic effect of treatments on muscle and liver triglyceride concentrations was observed. The treatment with 0% glycerol presented higher hepatic glucose levels than the one with 15%. Treatments did not differ for concentrations of liver protein, as well as of plasma glucose, triglycerides, and protein. Treatments with 10 and 15% glycerol showed higher activity of the glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase enzyme than the treatment with 5%; however, there were no significant differences in the hepatic activities of the malic and glycerol kinase enzymes. A linear positive effect of treatments was observed on the activity of the glycerol kinase enzyme in liver. Levels of glycerol inclusion above 10% in the diet of Nile tilapia juveniles characterize it as a lipogenic nutrient.Index terms: Oreochromis niloticus, alternative feed, carbohydrate, nutrition. Crescimento e metabolismo energético de juvenis de tilápia-do-nilo alimentados com glicerolResumo -O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da inclusão de glicerol na dieta, em substituição ao amido, sobre o desempenho e o metabolismo energético de juvenis de tilápia-do-nilo. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com quatro tratamentos (0, 5, 10 e 15% de glicerol purificado) e seis repetições. Dietas peletizadas, isonitrogenadas e isoenergéticas foram fornecidas por 60 dias. Os parâmetros de desempenho produtivo e as concentrações de glicose e proteína muscular não foram afetados pelos níveis de glicerol na dieta. O tratamento com 15% de glicerol apresentou maiores níveis de triglicerídeos musculares e hepáticos. Observou-se efeito quadrático dos tratamentos nas concentrações de triglicerídeos no músculo e no fígado. O tratamento com 0% de glicerol apresentou maiores níveis de glicose hepática do que o tratamento com 15%. Os tratamentos não diferiram quanto às concentrações de proteína no fígado, bem como de glicose, triglicerídeos e proteína no plasma. Os tratamentos com 10 e 15% de glicerol apresentaram maiores atividades da enzima glicose-6-fosfato-desidrogenase do que o tratamento com 5%; no entanto, não houve diferenças significativas nas atividades hepáticas das enzimas málica e glicerol quinase. Observou-se efeito linear positivo dos tratamentos na atividade da enzima glicerol quinase no fígado. Níveis de inclusão de glicerol acima de 10% na dieta de juvenis de tilápia-do-nilo o caracterizam como nutriente lipogênico....

This study evaluated the effect of the consumption of different levels and sources of lipids on metabolic parameters of Wistar rats. Animals were fed with high-fat diet (HFD) containing 20% of lard for 12 weeks to cause metabolic obesity. Subsequently, the animals were divided into six groups and were fed diets with lipid concentrations of 5% or 20% of lard (LD), soybean oil (SO) or fish oil (FO), for 4 weeks. Data were submitted to analysis of variance (two-way) followed by Tukey post hoc test (p < 0.05). The groups that consumed FO showed less weight gain and lower serum levels of triacylglycerol (TAG), total cholesterol and fractions, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity, atherogenic index, less amount of fat in the carcass, decreased Lee index and lower total leukocyte counting (p < 0.05). These same parameters were higher in LD treatment (p < 0.05). In the concentration of 20%, carcass fat content, blood glucose levels, as well as alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) decreased in FO groups (p < 0.05). The SO group had intermediate results regarding the other two treatments (FO and LD). We concluded that fish oil intake was able to modulate positively the metabolic changes resulting from HFD.

RESUMOConduziu-se este trabalho com o objetivo de avaliar a viabilidade técnica do uso de zooplâncton enriquecido na alimentação de pós-larvas de pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus). Na Estação Ambiental de Itutinga, da Companhia Energética de Minas Gerais (CEMIG), foi realizada, durante 5 dias, a larvicultura de pacu, usando 30 caixas plásticas com capacidade de 30 litros de água e renovação contínua, em uma densidade de 10 pós-larvas por litro; foram avaliados 6 tratamentos de alimentação: zooplâncton sem enriquecimento, zooplâncton com 4 diferentes níveis de enriquecimento (0,1; 0,5; 1,0; 1,5g de óleo de peixe) e náuplios de artêmia, em um delineamento em blocos casualizados com 6 tratamentos e 5 repetições. Foram avaliados os parâmetros de desempenho nas pós-larvas, comprimento, peso, sobrevivência e resistência ao estresse. Os resultados demonstraram que o uso de zooplâncton enriquecido é viável na larvicultura de pacu, permitindo adequado desempenho das pós-larvas quanto ao comprimento, à sobrevivência e à resistência ao estresse.Termos para indexação: Aqüicultura, nutrição, alimento vivo, zooplâncton, larvicultura, pacu. ABSTRACTThe objective of this study was to evaluate the technical viability of the ooplankton enriched used in the feeding of pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) pos-larvaes. In the Environmental Station of Itutinga of the Energy Company of Minas Gerais (CEMIG) this experiment was developmented, for 5 days last , the pacu larvicultura, by using 30 plastic boxes with capacity of 30 liters of water and continuous renewal, in a density of 10 powder-larvas per liter; they were appraised 6 feeding treatments: ooplankton without enrichment, ooplankton with 4 different enrichment levels (0,1; 0,5; 1,0; 1,5 g of fish oil) and artêmia náuplios, in a randomly blocks design with 6 treatments and 5 repetitions. The performance of larvaes as well as length, weight, survival and resistance to the stress were evaluated. The results shown that the ooplankton enriched is viable in the pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) pos-larvaes performance in terms of length , survival and the resistance to the stress.

RESUMO -Com o objetivo de avaliar a influência da concentração de benzocaína na indução e recuperação da anestesia em tilápias-do-nilo (Oreochromis niloticus) de diferentes comprimentos, desenvolveu-se um experimento em blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 4 × 4, composto de quatro comprimentos de peixes (6; 10; 14 e 18 cm de comprimento total) e quatro concentrações de benzocaína (60; 120; 180 e 240 mg por litro de água). A indução e a recuperação da anestesia foram divididas em três estágios, de acordo com o comportamento dos peixes sob efeito do anestésico, registrando-se o tempo de permanência em cada estágio. As diferenças de comprimento não influenciaram de forma significativa os tempos de anestesia e recuperação. Regressões lineares com plateau foram geradas para estimar o ponto em que o aumento da dose deixou de ter efeito. Durante a indução à anestesia, o plateau ocorreu na concentração de 132 mg/L e o tempo estimado para atingir a sedação total (estágio 3) foi de 86 segundos. Para permanência do peixe sob sedação total, é necessária concentração de benzocaína de 190 mg/L e o tempo estimado de permanência neste estágio é de 91,1 segundos. Concentrações superiores a 190 mg de benzocaína por litro de água não produzem efeitos que justifiquem seu emprego.Palavras-chave: anestésico, aquicultura, comprimento, estágio Effect of benzocaine concentration and fish size on anesthesia and recovery in Nile tilapiaABSTRACT -To evaluate the influence of benzocaine concentration on the induction and recovery from anesthesia in different sized Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), it was developed a random block experiment design in 4 × 4 factorial consisted of four fish lengths (6; 10; 14 and 18 cm total lenght) and four benzocaine concentrations (60; 120; 180 and 240 mg of benzocaine per liter of water). The induction and the recovery from anesthesia were divided in three stages based on the behavior of the fishes under anesthetic effect. The time spent in each stage was recorded. Differences in length did not affect significantly the anesthesia and recovery time. Linear plateu regressions were generated to estimate the point which increases on anesthetic doses does not imply in further effects. During the anesthesia induction, the plateu occurred in concentration time of 132 mg/L, and estimated time of 86 seconds would be necessary to achieve the complete sedation (stage 3). For permanence of the fish under total sedation, it is needed 190 g/L benzocaine and estimated time of permanence in this stage is 91.1 seconds. Benzocaine concentrations above 190 mg/L do not produce any additional effects that justify its use.

Much of the body of literature on LGBT+ populations within the United States place urban areas and so-called gayborhoods as goals and eventualities, paralleling early US studies on immigration. Using a multistage, mixed-methods approach, consisting of secondary analysis of the Pew 2013 Study of LGBT Persons ( N = 1197) and in-depth interviews (35 gay men, 2 trans-identifying individuals, 1 heterosexual woman, and 2 lesbians), we found that rural LGBT+ residents engaged in both short-term and long-term travel to mitigate feelings of being spatially segregated from the loci of gay social life—what Ghaziani (2019a) refers to as cultural archipelagos. However, rural residents also used their geographical location to resist dominant narratives about LGBT+ life. Some of our respondents felt that living in rural areas better situated them to be activists and advocates for LGBT+ rights, while others simply did not feel they could be comfortable within more urban contexts. These findings suggest that rural LGBT+ residents may have delinked their sexual selves with their cultural and political selves, thus illustrating the plurality of rural queer voices that exists. As we also argue, while residence category should be considered as influencing one’s experience, care must be used to avoid overly deterministic accounts. Finally, this article extends earlier work by Brekhus (2003), Mattson (2015), and Ghaziani (2019a) by presenting the meaningfulness of travel to and from queer cultural strongholds.