Este estudo teve por objetivo identificar como ocorre o manejo de agrotóxicos utilizados no cultivo de grãos e sua relação com a saúde e o ambiente em um município da região da Serra Catarinense. Foram entrevistados 79 agricultores que cultivam grãos (soja, milho e feijão) para coleta de informações sociodemográficas e de suas propriedades, sobre o uso, transporte, armazenamento e descarte das embalagens vazias. Quase metade dos agricultores transporta agrotóxicos em carro fechado, junto com outros produtos e não possui local exclusivo para o armazenamento dos produtos. Além disso, 26,6% deles relataram não receber assistência técnica, 25,3% compram agrotóxico sem receita e 5,1% não realizam logística reversa das embalagens. Foram utilizados 40 tipos de agrotóxicos diferentes no cultivo de grãos, sendo o herbicida glifosato o mais utilizado, seguido fungicida propinebe e o inseticida acefato. Tendo em vista o modelo agrícola baseado no monocultivo, que impõe aos agricultores a utilização dos agrotóxicos, pode-se observar que os resultados obtidos nesse estudo constituem-se em um problema de saúde pública uma vez que o transporte, armazenamento e, principalmente, o descarte inadequado de resíduos e das embalagens vazias, podem ocasionar contaminação nos diversos compartimentos ambientais, bem como, à saúde humana.
The objective is to verify the effects of pesticides on the health of farmers in the southern region of Brazil, as well as the possible symptoms and cases of intoxication. This study has a quantitative, descriptive and exploratory approach, carried out in 12 agricultural locations in the municipality of Serra Catarinense. This research was approved by the research ethics committee and was applied through a structured questionnaire to 79 farmers who grow grains in the conventional cultivation system. The pesticide most used by farmers was glyphosate, followed by acephate. Of the individuals, 21.5% reported that they had suffered poisoning by pesticides by the respiratory route (58.8%). In addition, 28% had three symptoms of intoxication, demonstrating possible probable cases of intoxication. And 41% of workers reported headaches as a predominant symptom in applications with the use of pesticides, followed by dizziness/vertigo (16%).Farmers who use PPE during the preparation of the pesticide spray are neither chronic diseases (p<0.003) nor psychological problems (p<0.000). All four individuals who had cancer, all also eat while applying pesticides (p<0.049). The exposure to pesticides causes changes in the organism of those exposed, using them more vulnerable to health problems.
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