Through a theoretical scientific synthesis, the phenomenon of values and value orientations of young people is considered from several aspects. Within the framework of such an approach, various classifications of values and value orientations of young people are presented and explained and the most favorable basis is sought for testing the values and value orientations of the students from teacher training faculties, future primary school teachers and preschool teachers. Empirical research of transversal type was performed on a random sample of 252 students from teacher training faculties in Serbia, at the end of the academic year 2012/2013. Based on Rokeach’s list of values, empirical research of transversal type was performed, with the main task of determining the terminal values (desirable states, pursued objectives) and instrumental values (idealized behaviors in order to achieve terminal values) of students. The ranking list, as the result of a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the collected data, shows that the students of the teacher training faculties are oriented toward: a) family safety, happiness, freedom, true friendship, inner harmony... (terminal values) and b) fairness, responsibility, capability...(instrumental values). The research shows a high degree of balance values of the students in the preference of terminal values, while in the instrumental values significant differences can be noticed, except for the first three items on the ranking list.Key words: instrumental values; Rokeach’s list; terminal values.---SažetakPutem teorijske znanstvene sinteze s više se aspekata razmatra fenomen vrijednosti i vrijednosnih orijentacija mladih. U okvirima takvog pristupa prezentiraju se i obrazlažu različite klasifikacije vrijednosti i vrijednosnih orijentacija mladih i traži najpovoljnija osnova za ispitivanje vrijednosti i vrijednosnih orijentacija studenata učiteljskih fakulteta, budućih učitelja i odgojitelja. Na slučajnom uzorku od 252 studenta učiteljskih fakulteta, na kraju školske 2013/14. godine, a na temelju Rokičeve liste vrijednosti, izvršeno je empirijsko istraživanje transferzalnog tipa, s osnovnim ciljem da se utvrde terminalne (poželjna stanja, ciljevi kojima se teži) i instrumentalne (idealizirani načini ponašanja kako bi se ostvarile terminalne vrijednosti) vrijednosti studenata. Rang-lista nastala kao rezultat kvantitativne i kvalitativne analize prikupljenih podataka pokazuje da su studenti učiteljskih fakulteta orijentirani na: a) obiteljsku sigurnost, sreću, slobodu, iskreno prijateljstvo, unutarnji sklad... (terminalne vrijednosti) i b) poštenje, odgovornost, sposobnost... (instrumentalne vrijednosti). Istraživanje pokazuje visok stupanj ujednačenosti studenata u preferenciji terminalnih vrijednosti, a kod instrumentalnih se vrijednosti, osim tri prve na ljestvici, uočavaju značajne razlike.Ključne riječi: instrumentalne vrijednosti; Rokeachova lista; terminalne vrijednosti.

The first part of this paper offers a theoretical interpretation of the previous research of the methodological potential and efficiency of online teaching (especially during the Covid regime), whereas the second part is methodologically oriented towards the examination of the attitudes of teachers on the potential of the implemented distance learning platforms vs. in-person teaching. The sample is represented by 604 teachers of elementary and secondary schools from all administrative regions in the Republic of Serbia. The research was performed using descriptive method and the survey method. The results of the research showed that: a) teachers mostly do not have a positive perception of the advantages of distance learning platforms compared to traditional, in-person teaching with regards to the application of teaching technology; b) traditional teaching is considered more efficient for the quality of work of students and teachers; c) teachers do not show the expected willingness for the occasional use of the hybrid model in the future; the independent variables did not influence the final results of the research. A statistically significant difference was observed only in the attitudes of teachers of different educational cycles and the users of different learning platforms.

Доц. др Љиљана МИТИЋ Учитељски факултет у Врању Универзитет у Нишу Проф. др Данијела ВАСИЛИЈЕВИЋ Учитељски факултет у Ужицу Универзитет у Крагујевцу ПРИМЕНА ЕГЗЕМПЛАРНЕ НАСТАВЕ У ОКВИРУ ПРЕДМЕТА ПРИРОДЕ И ДРУШТВА Сажетак: Још крајем 19. века указивано је на слабости традиционалне наставе, у којој наставник излаже, а ученици покушавају да репродукују садржаје које су запамтили. Велики број педагога истицао је да ученици треба да стичу знање самосталним радом и да поучавање треба заменити учењем. Егземпларна настава је знатно новијег датума, настала између два светска рата, у покушају критичког односа према традиционалној школи, предлажући промене у садржајима образовања и наставним методама. Преовладавало је мишљење да научно-технички развој стално повећава масу научних чињеница који, углавном, улазе у наставне програме који се не могу савладати на часовима редовне наставе, те се савладавање преопширног градива потражило у егземпларној настави, којa ученицима служи као пример да могу самостално учити аналогне садржаје у настави природе и друштва. Кључне речи: традиционална настава, егземпларна настава, аналогни садржаји, иновативни модели дидактичко-методичких захтева.

With the creation of global culture, promotion of global intercultural values lacking in individual economic, cultural and national narratives, the issues connected to the European and national identity, their interrelation and compatibility became more actual. There are opinions that globalization contributes to empowerment of national feelings, but also the opposite, on the basis of the argument that globalization as a cosmopolitan phenomenon is promoted at the expense of national identities. It is difficult to sublime all studies connecting national identity with education, ow- ing to the variety of topics, approaches, age groups, research methods etc. Notwithstanding the fact that there are significant theoretic observations, as well as numerous empirical research studies aimed at investigating the influence of educational content on the national identity of children and youth, it is evident that the study of national identity at school is a neglected research field of domestic researchers, especially pedagogists and creators of educational policies. Different starting points were established when considering the func- tion and role of English language learning in the development of students’ national identity. Numerous studies point out that English language learning primarily contributes to the promotion of global identity of supranational character, which does not deny the impor- tance of countries and nations, but does not place it in the content focus (Köroğlu & Elban 2020). Some authors perceive great possibilities of English language teaching regarding the development of national identity and acceptance of universal values. However, there are opinions pointing to the ideological concept of foreign language textbooks, thus promoting dominant culture and its values; observing English language and its negative impact on the national identity of non-English speaking individuals. On the basis of the argument that foreign language teaching may represent a signifi- cant resource for introducing national symbols of others, but also an excellent educational context for identification, knowledge and promotion of learners’ own identity, the textbooks of English as a foreign language were analyzed in the paper. More precisely, the results of the research performed in 2022 are presented in the paper, with the aim of determining the contribution of EFL textbooks in formation and empowerment of Serbian national identity of upper elementary school students. Subliming different starting points, national identity was operationalised in 12 categories: religion, customs and tradition, national feelings, lan- guage, symbols and features, solidarity and togetherness, cultural heritage, important people, geography terms, history, family and general information. The research was performed through the method of theoretic analysis and the method of content analysis. The units of analysis are: a) sentences of basic text in textbooks, b) sentences of additional informa- tive content and c) image content, g) exercises and tasks. The research included English language textbooks from three different publishers, for the fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth grade of elementary school licensed in the Republic of Serbia (N = 12). The research results indicated that textbooks do not contribute to formation and empowerment of the national identity of elementary school students, especially with re- gards to all the discussed categories of national identity. It is implied that it is necessary to empower the national identity content and incorporate it more or less in all the themes, significantly enlarging the total share of the content of national identity of the students for whom the textbook is written. It is our opinion that it is necessary to actualize the issue of national identity rep- resentation in foreign language curicullum; to plan, project and standardize the proces of formation of the notion of national identity in all the three cycles of education, so the pub- lishers would be commited to better adaptation of textbook content to the Serbian market.

The term represents an integral element of each subject and forms the basis for the development of knowledge and mastery of knowledge acquired through the development of science. The school and the course book should enable students to adopt a system of scientific concepts from a certain field. This work deals with the analysis of the concepts of nature in the coursebooks of Nature and Society for the fourth grade of primary school, published by the publishers: Klett, New logos, and Bigz schooling. The research provides answers to the following questions: Are the concepts of nature explicitly represented in coursebooks? Do complete and incomplete logical definitions of the concepts of nature dominate in the coursebooks of Nature and Society? Is there a dominance of complete and incomplete logical definitions of different publishers and by the dominance of complete and incomplete logical definitions of the concepts of nature? Based on the results of research on the definitions of the concepts of nature in the coursebooks of Nature and Society for the fourth grade, it can be concluded that the coursebooks of Klett, New logos, and Bigz schooling have a very large number of undefined concepts of nature, greater than the number of definitions. Most textbooks about nature are in the textbook published by Klett (198 terms), followed by the textbook published by New Logos (174 terms), while the least notions about nature are found in the textbook published by Bigz schooling (142 terms). The most accurate definitions are in the textbook published by Klett (86 definitions), followed by the textbook published by New Logos (83 definitions), while the least definitions of nature are found in the textbook Bigz schooling (59 definitions). All of this points to the need for detailed changes to the analyzed nature and society textbooks from the publishing houses Klett, New logos, and Bigz schooling. This problem will certainly be the subject of academic discussion and some future research.