Local people use corpses and organs of wild animals for medical care and mystical practices. The study aims to inventory the mammal’s species which organs are used for the treatment of some diseases or the implementation of some mystical practices. It was an ethnozoological survey which took place from September to December 2018 in 11 markets with 18 traditional practitioners selling wild mammal products. In total, 24 species of wild mammals have been identified and 16 organs listed as medicine for cure 21 diseases. Some of these organs are also involved in 7 mystical practices of local people. Animal parts such as the skin (51.30%) and the bones / the horns (16.23%) are the most sought after on the markets. Traders sources are mainly from Burkina Faso (92.57%) and to a lesser extent from Niger (7.43%). Almost all the concerned species are protected (22 species) in Burkina Faso. Among these species, 4 are vulnerable according to the IUCN criteria. The obvious consequence of these traditional needs for corpses and parts of wild mammals collected by local communities is undoubtedly the depletion of biodiversity. Therefore, this requires the application of conservation rules which guarantee better exploitation of these biological resources.Keywords: Biodiversity, wildlife, traditional use, animal’s organ, ethnozoology

Dans la Réserve de Biosphère du W du Burkina Faso, des infrastructures ont été réalisées pour la conservation et l’utilisation durable des espèces fauniques. Cette étude vise à examiner l’influence de ces infrastructures et des villages riverains sur la distribution spatiale de trois espèces de primates diurnes. La méthode a consisté à l’analyse des coordonnées d’observations de trois années de dénombrements pédestres suivant des régressions log-linéaire appliquées aux distances entre les primates et les infrastructures. Des corrélations négatives ont été observées entre les points d’eau, les salines et le vervet, entre les postes de surveillance, les habitations et le patas et entre les postes de surveillance, les salines et le babouin. 73,68% des vervets étaient distribués à moins de 25 km des villages contre 94,56% et 30,32% pour le patas et le babouin respectivement. A plus de 25 km des postes de surveillance, sont rencontrés 86,47% de vervets, 97,96% de patas et 100% de babouins. Concernant les points d’eau, c’étaient 98,5% de vervet et 100% pour les autres espèces. Les trois espèces ont été observées au-delà de 25 km des salines. Les résultats de cette étude donnent des orientations pour des travaux relatifs aux trois espèces dans les aires protégées. In the W Biosphere Reserve of Burkina Faso, infrastructures have been built for the conservation and sustainable use of wildlife species. This study aims to examine the influence of these infrastructures and the surrounding villages on the spatial distribution of three diurnal primates’ species. The method consisted of analyzing the geographic coordinates of observations from three years of pedestrian counts using log-linear regressions applied to distances between primates and infrastructure. Negative correlations were observed between water points, salt flats and vervet, between monitoring stations, dwellings and patas monkey and between monitoring stations, salt flats and baboon. 73.68% of vervets were distributed within 25 km of surrounding villages compared to 94.56% and 30.32% for patas monkey and baboon respectively. The vervets that were found more than 25 km from a surveillance post represented 86.47%, those of the patas monkey 97.96% and those of the baboon 100%. At waterholes, 98.5% were vervet and 100% for the other species. All three species were observed beyond 25 km from the salt flats. The results of this study constitute a guiding tool for future work on the three species in the managed protected areas.