The relevance of the study is due to the contradictions characteristic of the field of secondary vocational education, namely, the discrepancy between the requirements for the professional activity of a college teacher and their implementation in their professional activity in specific working conditions; the ageing of teaching staff and the lack of a system of adaptation of young teachers in educational organisations. The purpose of the study was to identify problematic aspects in the activities of young college teachers, as well as to identify factors that contribute to the creation of favourable conditions for their professional adaptation. The article presents the results of an empirical study of the problems and factors of professional adaptation of young college teachers aged 22 to 30 years. The most significant difficulties for novice teachers are caused by the issues of the relationship between the teacher and students, the young specialist with colleagues, methodological aspects of the lesson, documentation, curatorship. The survey revealed the need for young teachers in psychological, pedagogical, methodological, socio-economic support of their professional adaptation, in individual mentoring.