The relevance of the study is due to the contradictions characteristic of the field of secondary vocational education, namely, the discrepancy between the requirements for the professional activity of a college teacher and their implementation in their professional activity in specific working conditions; the ageing of teaching staff and the lack of a system of adaptation of young teachers in educational organisations. The purpose of the study was to identify problematic aspects in the activities of young college teachers, as well as to identify factors that contribute to the creation of favourable conditions for their professional adaptation. The article presents the results of an empirical study of the problems and factors of professional adaptation of young college teachers aged 22 to 30 years. The most significant difficulties for novice teachers are caused by the issues of the relationship between the teacher and students, the young specialist with colleagues, methodological aspects of the lesson, documentation, curatorship. The survey revealed the need for young teachers in psychological, pedagogical, methodological, socio-economic support of their professional adaptation, in individual mentoring.

Аннотация. Проблема гражданского воспитания подрастающих поколений имеет глубокие исторические корни. Вопросы гражданского воспитания неоднократно поднимались как в работах зарубежных исследователей, так и отечественных педагогов. В отличие от Запада, в России основной идеей была не гражданственность, а национальность. В статье рассмотрены характерные особенности формирования гражданского воспитания в различные временные периоды на основе анализа трудов Н.И. Новикова, А.Н. Радищева, К.Д. Ушинского, П.Ф. Каптерева, А.С. Макаренко, В.А. Сухомлинского и других ученых. Основное содержание статьи составляет анализ взглядов на проблему гражданского воспитания начиная с XII в. и до настоящего времени. В статье рассмотрены основные педагогические идеи по проблеме гражданского воспитания, подробно описаны их особенности в каждый временной период, представлена критика этих идей. В заключении авторами обосновывается вывод о непрерывном развитии понятия «гражданское воспитание» и актуальном наполнении его содержания в настоящее время. Ключевые слова: гражданское воспитание; гражданственность; гражданин.

In this article, the concept "benchmarking of the professional education system" is addressed as the information and management system analysis concerning the activities of the best postsecondary professional institutions (PSPI), and the management methods in the development of professional education system. The research method is benchmarking that allows the authors to determine methods, forms, technologies of educational activities, and management methods. Results reveal that the National Competition, "The best project of the professional education system modeling" leads to finding the best professional education system models developed by PSPI according to the principles of a project-based approach.