Objectives: The purpose of the study was to determine the difference in time until the appearance of relapse or metastases in patients treated for colorectal cancer, depending on the location of the tumor in the left or right colon at the oncology clinic of clinical Medical centre osijek between 1 st January 2010 and 31 st December 2012. Study design: historical prospective studyMaterial and methods: study included patients whose data were recorded from medical archive at the oncology clinic of Clinical Medical Centre Osijek. The data on patients' deaths were recorded from the Registry Office of the Republic of croatia.Results: the study included 272 patients, 160 (58.8%) men and 112 (41.2%) women. according to the location, left sided colon tumor was discovered in 211 (77.6%) patients and right-sided in 61 (22.4%). the median age was 67 years. right-sided colon tumors are considerably larger with median diameter of 6 cm, with median number of 16. Median of time until the appearance of the metastases is 20 months (interquartile range is from 8 to 29 months); marked time being shorter in right-sided colon tumors. Positive outcome of the treatment was achieved in 205 (75.4%) patients, with no significant difference in comparison to the colon cancer localization. By using Kaplan-Meier analysis of patients' survival rates, a total 5-year survival rate of 72% was achieved in right-sided colon tumor in comparison to 62% in patients with the left-sided colon tumor.Conclusion: This study confirms that there is a difference in colorectal cancer according to its localisation. Patients with right-sided colorectal cancer are older, the carcinoma is larger, the time until the appearance of a relapse or a metastases is shorter in right sided colon cancer while 5-year survival rate is lower in left sided colon cancer. KeYWorDs: colorectal cancer, oncology, colon RAZLIKA IZMEĐU KARAKTERISTIKA BOLESNIKA S KARCINOMOM LIJEVOG I DESNOG KOLONA -ISKUSTVO JEDNE USTANOVE Sažetak Cilj Istraživanja: Utvrditi razliku u vremenu do pojave recidiva ili presadnica kod bolesnika liječenih zbog kolorektalnog karcinoma ovisno o smještaju u lijevom ili desnom kolonu u pacijenata liječenih na Zavodu za onkologiju, KBC-a Osijek od 1. siječnja 2010. do 31. prosinca 2012. lib oncol. 2019;47(2-3):41-47 42 Nacrt studije: povijesno prospektivna studija Materijal i metode: U istraživanje su uključeni ispitanici čiji su podatci preuzeti iz arhive medicinske dokumentacije Zavoda za onkologiju KBC-a Osijek, podatci o smrti pacijenata preuzeti su od nadležnog Maticnog ureda Republike Hrvatske. Rezultati: U istraživanje je uključeno 272 pacijenta, od kojih je 160 (58,8 %) muškaraca i 112 (41,2 %) žena. Prema lokalizaciji, ljevostrani tumor kolona ima 211 (77,6 %) bolesnika, a desnostrani njih 61 (22,4 %). središnja dob pacijenta (medijan) je 67 godina. Značajno su veći u promjeru desni tumori kolona, medijana 6 cm. Medijan vremena do pojave metastaza iznosi 20 mjeseci (interkvartilnog raspona 8 do 29 mjeseci), pri čemu je značajnije kraći kod desnih tumora kol...

Immune checkpoint inhibitors, such as CTLA-4 inhibitors (ipilimumab), PD-1 (nivolumab, pembrolizumab), and PD-L1 inhibitors (atezolizumab, durvalumab) have become standard in the treatment of numerous malignant tumors.Immunotherapy blocks the body's natural protective measures with immune checkpoint inhibitors. It prevents immune over-activation, but it can also affect normal tissue, and cause autoimmune side effects. They cover a diverse spectrum of events and require different treatment approaches. Immune-related side effects can affect any organ or tissue, but most commonly affect the skin, colon, lungs, liver and endocrine organs (such as the pituitary or thyroid).We can divide them according to the anatomical location where they cause side effects. Most of these side effects are mild to moderate and reversible if detected early and treated appropriately. The most common side effects of CTLA-4 inhibitor and PD-1 / PD-L1 inhibitor are skin symptoms (such as rash and itching). Gastrointestinal symptoms (such as diarrhea) are more common with CTLA-4 inhibitors, while lung symptoms and thyroid dysfunction occur more frequently with the use of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors.It is important to determine the side effect, and the degree of the same to be able to treat it adequately. First-grade side effects are mild, second grade moderate, third grade severe, and fourth grade very severe.Re-administration of immunotherapy after immunotherapy in patients with significant irAE (immune-related adverse events) during initial treatment with either a CTLA-4 inhibitor and/or a PD-1 / PD-L1 checkpoint inhibitor can be safely repeated after discussing and ensuring that the patient does not experience a new serious side effect.

Cilj: Ciljevi istraživanja bili su utvrditi postoji li razlika u mjerenju intraokularnog tlaka (IOT) Goldmanovom aplanacijskom tonometrijom (GAT) i air-puff tonometrijom (APT) te usporediti osjećaj ugode prilikom mjerenja IOT-a objema metodama. Ispitanici i metode: Ovom presječnom studijom obuhvaćena su 133 ispitanika kojima je učinjen standardni oftalmološki pregled. Ispitanici su na pregled dolazili zbog korekcije refrakcijske greške od listopada 2017. do travnja 2018. godine na Polikliniku za oftalmologiju „Oculus“ u Osijeku. Isključni kriteriji bili su dob manja od 18 godina, liječenje od glaukoma, operativni zahvat na prednjem ili stražnjem segmentu oka, degenerativne promjene na prednjem segmentu oka ili teži poremećaj suznog filma. Svim ispitanicima izmjeren je IOT objema metodama, nakon čega su ispitanici dobrovoljno ispunili anketu u kojoj su se prikupljali sljedeći podatci: dob, spol, nošenje leća, broj pregleda mjerenja IOT-a te procjena ugodnosti pregleda GAT-om i APT-om. Rezultati: Presječna studija uključila je 133 pacijenta (83 žene, 50 muškaraca). Medijan dobi ispitanika bio je 51 godina. Utvrđena je statistički značajna razlika između izmjerenog IOT-a desnog i lijevog oka GAT-om i APT-om (t-test za zavisne uzorke, P < 0,001). Nije bilo statistički značajnih razlika u ocjeni ugode mjerenja IOT-a GAT-om i APT-om (Fisherov egzaktni test, P = 0,180). Zaključci: Iako APT ima određene prednosti u odnosu na GAT, GAT daje preciznije rezultate mjerenja IOT-a te se s razlogom danas smatra zlatnim standardom u mjerenju IOT-a.

Adenocarcinoma of the gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) and gastric cancer have poor outcomes in most patients.Perioperative chemotherapy became a standard of care for resectable adenocarcinoma of the upper GI tract based on the results of the MAGIC trial. The study includes patients with Stage II or III resectable adenocarcinoma of the stomach, GEJ, and lower esophagus. The ACCORD trial essentially supported the results of the MAGIC study.Both studies showed that preoperative chemotherapy could induce downstaging and enhance the possibility of potentially curative R0 resection, thus increasing the probability of disease-free survival and overall survival.The NeoFLOT study investigates the application of prolonged neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT). This study indicates that NACT with six cycles of FLOT is highly effective in resectable gastroesophageal cancer. The CRITICS trial compares perioperative chemotherapy with preoperative and postoperative chemoradiotherapy in patients with resectable gastric adenocarcinoma. Postoperative chemoradiotherapy did not improve overall survival compared with postoperative chemotherapy in patients with resectable gastric cancer treated with adequate preoperative chemotherapy and surgery.In recent years, guidelines for the treatment of gastric cancer have changed frequently. Because gastric cancer treatment is complex and perioperative chemotherapy is present in all treatment guidelines, a multidisciplinary team with experienced physicians is the foundation of effective gastric cancer treatment.