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A new antimalarial sterol, kaimanol (1), along with a known sterol, saringosterol (2) was isolated from the Indonesian Marine sponge, Xestospongia sp. The chemical structure of the new compound was determined on the basis of spectroscopic evidences and by comparison to those related compounds previously reported. Isolated compounds, 1 and 2 were evaluated for their antiplasmodial effect against Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 strains. Compounds 1 and 2 exhibited antiplasmodial activity with IC 50 values of 359 and 0.250 nM, respectively.

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Aglaia is the largest genus of the Meliaceae family which contains terpenoid compounds. This type of compounds showed a diverse structures and biological activities that can be found in natural resources. Aglaia elaeagnoidea is a species from Aglaia genus that only has a few previous research. This study was aimed to isolate and determine the chemical structure of terpenoid compounds from the ethyl acetate extract of A. elaeagnoidea stem bark. Ethyl acetate extracts were separated and purified by various chromatographic techniques to obtain compounds 1-5. Compounds 1-5 were identified their chemical structures by spectroscopic methods (IR, MS, and NMR) and comparison with previous reported spectral data. Compounds 1 and 2 were identified as eudesmane-type sesquiterpenoids, 5-epi-eudesm-4(15)-ene-1β,6β-diol (1) and 6α-Hydroxy-eudesm-4(15)-en-1-one (2). Compounds 3-5 were identified as dammarane-type triterpenoids, 20S,24S-epoxy-25-hydroxydammarane-3-one (3), 20S,24S-epoxydammarane-3α,25-diol (4), and 3α-epi-cabraleahydroxy lactone (5). These compounds are first time reported from this plant. Compounds 1-5 were tested for cytotoxicity against HeLa cervical cancer cell and DU145 prostate cancer cell and as a result, compound 4 (20S,24S-epoxydammarane-3α,25-diol) showed the stronger activity compared to other compounds.

Three aromadendrane-type sesquiterpenoids, spathulenol (1), 4β,10α-dihydroxyaromadendrane (2), and 4α,10α-dihydroxyaromadendrane (3) were isolated from the stem bark of Aglaia harmsiana (Meliaceae). Compound 3 was isolated for the first time from Aglaia genus. The chemical structures of isolated compounds were elucidated by various spectroscopic methods, including one and two-dimensional NMR, as well as mass spectroscopy analysis. These sesquiterpenoids 1-3 were evaluated for their cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines. The IC50 value of compound 1-3 were 31.65 ± 0.1, 8.41 ± 0.04 and 2.80 ± 0.02 µM, respectively. Among the aromadendrane-type sesquiterpenoids, compounds 2 and 3, which do not have a double bond, showed higher activity than compound 1. Whereas, compound 3 showed the strongest activity indicate that α configuration of hydroxyl group increases the cytotoxic activity.