No abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh warna bulu yang berbeda terhadap keragaman morfologi itik Magelang dan keragaman genetik menggunakan analisis PCR-RFLP daerah D-loop DNA mitokondria (mtDNA) pada populasi itik Magelang dan itik lokal lainnya (itik Tegal, Mojosari, Bali dan Alabio) di Indonesia. Materi penelitian terdiri atas itik Magelang sebanyak 50 ekor dan itik lokal lainnya masing-masing 20 ekor yang diambil sampel darahnya. Karakteristik morfologi ukuran tubuh, kemampuan produksi maupun kualitas telur itik Magelang dianalisis menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan sebelas macam warna bulu yang berbeda sebagai perlakuan. Teknik PCR digunakan untuk mengamplifikasi fragmen pada daerah D-loop mtDNA dan produk PCR didigesti dengan menggunakan enzim restriksi endonuklease AluI and HaeIII. Penelitian ini berhasil menunjukkan bahwa secara statistik keragaman morfologi pada populasi itik Magelang dipengaruhi oleh perbedaan warna bulu. Analisis PCR-RFLP menggunakan enzim restriksi AluI and HaeIII berhasil memperoleh enam kombinasi pola restriksi fragmen, sehingga dihasilkan enam haplotipe (A, B, C, D, E and F). Perbedaan haplotipe tersebut menunjukkan adanya keragaman genetik pada populasi itik Magelang dan itik lokal lainnya. Disimpulkan bahwa perbedaan warna bulu mempengaruhi keragaman morfologi pada populasi itik Magelang dan keragaman genetik populasi itik lokal di Indonesia dapat diidentifikasi menggunakan analisis PCR-RFLP pada daerah D-loop mt DNA.

Background and Aim: Reproductive traits play an important role in population increases and the egg production (EP) abilities of Indonesian local ducks (ILD). The prolactin (PRL) gene is a single chain polypeptide hormone belonging to a family of growth hormone genes that are mainly synthesized in the anterior pituitary gland in all vertebrates. It has a significant effect on reproductive traits and EP. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) present in PRL are a useful molecular marker for EP. This study aimed to identify the PRL polymorphisms based on these SNPs and to uncover the associations with reproductive traits in ILD. Materials and Methods: A total of 280 ILDs consisting of Tegal and Magelang (F0) ducks and their reciprocal crosses, namely, Gallang (F1) and Maggal (F1), were maintained and specific variables were recorded, that is, age at first egg, body weight at first egg, first egg weight, and EP, for 90 days. Allele and genotype frequencies were used to determine the Hardy- Weinberg (H-W) equilibrium. The association between the SNP genotypes of PRL and reproductive traits was analyzed using one-way analysis of variance, following the GLM procedure of SAS. The genotypic effects on the reproductive traits were determined using regression analysis. Results: This study successfully amplified a polymerase chain reaction product of 190 bp, which was used to identify the SNP. Results indicated that PRL in ILDs is polymorphic. A SNP was found at position 164 nt (c.164G >A), consisting of three different genotypes, namely, GG, GA, and AA. The genotypes of Tegal and Magelang (F0), and Gallang (F1) populations were not in H-W equilibrium. The Maggal population (F1) was in H-W equilibrium. Significant associations were detected between the genotypes and EP in all ILDs (p<0.01), following a regression line of y=2.337x+64.605, with a determination coefficient of 0.0188 (r=0.14). Conclusion: PRL can be recommended as a candidate gene for reproductive traits in ILD, especially EP.

This experiment was conducted to study the morphometric and genetic diversity of Tegal, Magelang, and their crossbred ducks. Each ten female about twenty weeks old ducks from Tegal, Magelang, Gallang, and Maggal ducks, respectively, were used as the group materialss. The body weight, chest circumference, body length, shank length, neck length, and pubis width were recorded and tested by analysis of variance of one way classification as the morphometric characteristics. Polymorphism of cytochrome b (cyt b) gene on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) was analyzed by Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Genetic distance was analyzed based on value of heterozygosity, whereas the phylogeny tree was reconstructed using MEGA6 software. The results showed there were highly significant difference (P<0.01) on body weight, chest circumference, body length, and neck length between population, while shank and pubis width were not significant different. The genetic distance between Gallang and Maggal ducks (0.206) was higher than Tegal and Magelang ducks (0.169). It is concluded that the reciprocal crosses increased the morphometric and genetic diversity of Indonesian local duck population.