Background: Estimating the changes in the levels of oxidative stress biomarkers are vital in identifying stress related disease in living organism. This study examined changes in the activity of antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidase level in female Wistar rats exposed to stressors of different nature were examined. Methods: 88 apparently healthy rats within the ages of 8-12weeks and weighing between 120-180g were utilized for the study. Rats were acclimatized for 2weeks and fed with rat chaw and water ad libitum. Animals were stressed at the rate of 1hr, 3hr or 5hr per day for 1, 2 or 3weeks respectively. After the experimental protocol of stress induction, the rats werekilled via cervical dislocation and some vital organs were carefully harvested for tissue homogenates in assessing SOD, CAT and MDA antioxidants. Data collected were analyzed using Mean±SEM, ANOVA was used to compare means and LSD was used for post hoc. Results: SOD activity of the different tissues examined were significantly (p<0.05) altered irrespective of the stressor applied especially in the restraint or intruder stressors. CAT activity were significantly (p<0.05) reduced in all stressors irrespective of the rate of exposure. The study also revealed that lipid peroxidase levels were significantly (p<0.05) increased in all tissues irrespective of the rate of exposure and type of stressor applied. Conclusions: The findings validate the ability of the stressors to increase production of free radicals, thus, changes in antioxidant enzymes activities and lipid peroxidase level implies compromised cellular activity in tissues of stress-induced rats.

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This study examined the prevalence of abortion and its impact on the academic performance of medical female students in Delta State University, Abraka. Descriptive survey method was employed for the study while simple random sampling technique was utilized in selecting a target sample size of 164 female medical students from a population of 1,640 across five departments in the College of Health Sciences, Delta State University Abraka. Self-designed instrument was used as the instrument for data collection. 150 copies of the questionnaire were successful retrieved from the field and were used for data analysis. Frequency count and percentages was employed as the statistical technique for data analysis. Results obtained from this study revealed the following findings; abortion is prevalent among the female medical students leaving off-campus. Factors that influences female medical students include; poverty and financial concern, psychological factor, maternal and social factors, peer group influence and poor knowledge of the risk factors behind abortion. Consequences of abortion include; the risk of anxiety and depression, negative impact on the academic outcome, leads to school drop-out among female students, lower degree of social support, abandonment and rejection from family’s member and deprives the female student from regular reading. Therefore, strategies for preventing the negative effects caused by abortion include; educating the female medical student on the need to always use contraceptive, always organize seminars to inform the female student of the consequences of abortion, formulation polices that allows for disciplinary measures on victims of abortion and providing early sexuality education earlier for the female child

Invitro membrane-stabilizing potentials of fractionates of ethanolic extract of Carica Papaya leaf was investigated in this study. The soxhlet extraction method was used to extract the plant, fractionated with 6 different solvents to give 6 different fractions (hexane, ethyl acetate, chloroform, butanol, methanol benzene). Hbss red blood cells samples were obtained from non-crises state sickle cell patients from Eku Baptist hospital Abraka Delta State, Nigeria. These tests involved the use of positive (p-hydroxy benzoic acid 5ug/ml) and negative controls (normal saline) for membrane stability experiments. Hbss blood was treated with 2mg/ml to 10mg/ml in seven groups with leaf fractionates. Data was analyzed using ANOVA test. The results shows that osmotic fragility was reduced by the introduction of the leaf fractionate, with the highest rate of reduction noticed in the hexane 1 fractionate. PHBA reversal rate and osmotic fragility effect was normal at low doses, but as concentration increases, reversal rate and percentage reduction of sickling decreases. It was concluded that Carica papaya leaf extract fractions, just as its crude extracts, have as much osmotic fragility activities, and this is dose-dependent and has no negative effect on tested blood samples as compared with the treatments with PHBA.