Background: Estimating the changes in the levels of oxidative stress biomarkers are vital in identifying stress related disease in living organism. This study examined changes in the activity of antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidase level in female Wistar rats exposed to stressors of different nature were examined. Methods: 88 apparently healthy rats within the ages of 8-12weeks and weighing between 120-180g were utilized for the study. Rats were acclimatized for 2weeks and fed with rat chaw and water ad libitum. Animals were stressed at the rate of 1hr, 3hr or 5hr per day for 1, 2 or 3weeks respectively. After the experimental protocol of stress induction, the rats werekilled via cervical dislocation and some vital organs were carefully harvested for tissue homogenates in assessing SOD, CAT and MDA antioxidants. Data collected were analyzed using Mean±SEM, ANOVA was used to compare means and LSD was used for post hoc. Results: SOD activity of the different tissues examined were significantly (p<0.05) altered irrespective of the stressor applied especially in the restraint or intruder stressors. CAT activity were significantly (p<0.05) reduced in all stressors irrespective of the rate of exposure. The study also revealed that lipid peroxidase levels were significantly (p<0.05) increased in all tissues irrespective of the rate of exposure and type of stressor applied. Conclusions: The findings validate the ability of the stressors to increase production of free radicals, thus, changes in antioxidant enzymes activities and lipid peroxidase level implies compromised cellular activity in tissues of stress-induced rats.

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Purpose: The frequency of eyelids blink rate has effect on the integrity of the tear fluid and replacement of old of tears on the ocular surface. Comprehension of the effect of advancing age and gender on tears fluid stability and quality is contentious. Basal tears continuously bathe the ocular facet lubricating and providing protection from viral and bacterial infections, cooling the surface as warmth encourages pathogen. Basal tear dysfunction basically results in conjunctival and corneal conditions which exposes the ocular facet to dryness, ulceration, opacity and even blindness. This study determined the quantitative assessment of age and gender related changes in human lacrimal fluid composition in subjects Methods: The design involved 400 (192 males and 208 females) human subjects aged 6 years and above who do not wear contact lenses, not on topical medication and having healthy eyes grouped into twelve groups based on age and gender.  Maximum blink interval (for tear break-up time) and phenol red thread procedure (for tear volume) were carried out monocularly for each subject. Results: Findings from this study have established that tear fluid stability among different age groups; are often higher for group 6-12years and lower for 60years and above; therefore, study established that tear fluid stability is age dependent. In addition, tear fluid stability (average MBI. Tear volume and flow rate) are gender independent. Conclusion: The present study revealed that tears fluid breakup time increases with decrease in tears fluid flow rate, volume and flow.