The relationship between local government and public participation is a problematic one. Taking the UK as an example, it is evident that, despite 40 years of experimentation with public participation initiatives, there has been little impact on local policy processes. While a range of plausible explanations can be found for this state of affairs, no overarching theoretical framework is available to organize them. The purpose of this paper, therefore, is to offer just such a framework of analysis by utilizing and developing the conjectures approach originally used by Klijn and Skelcher (2007). Four conjectures, developed from the UK experience, are presented. These are the transitional, incompatibility, instrumental and resistivity conjectures. The paper concludes by discussing the implications for research and for policy.

No abstract

This paper aims at the completion of a CAM process for 2D and 3D woven fabrics by proposing a new approach for generating weaves. Unlike the other methods used in some of the textile CAD packages, the method suggested in this paper enables the automatic generation of 2D and 3D weaves represented by 2D-weave matrices. The 2D weaves are re-grouped into regular and irregular weaves, and all the regular weaves can be treated as one whereas the irregular 2D weaves and the 3D weaves are treated as individual types. When the parameters of a type of weave are specified, a 2D binary weave matrix will be generated automatically, which can be directly used as or be easily converted into a lifting plan. Such a lifting plan can then be loaded to a loom with an electronic shedding system for the CAM of woven fabrics.

No abstract

No abstract