This article presents the key results of a major survey carried out by the NEARCH project on the public perception of archaeology and heritage across Europe. The analysis focuses on three main points of significance for contemporary archaeological practice. The first is the image of archaeology and its definition in the perception of the general public. The second concerns the values that archaeology represents for the public. The third focuses on the social expectations placed on archaeologists and archaeology. The NEARCH survey clearly indicates that there is a significant public expectation by Europeans that archaeology should work comprehensively across a broad range of areas, and that cultural heritage management in general needs to engage more with different archaeological and heritage groups.Keywords: public archaeology, social engagement, European survey, NEARCH project Since the 2008 economic crisis, thinking about archaeology and the social sciences has changed. The repercussions of the market crisis have affected academic disciplines as well as the global economy (Schlanger & Aitchison, 2010). The primary impact on archaeological practice was the cessation of construction work, and underfunding of archaeological projects. In some countries (e.g. Spain and Ireland), commercial archaeology companies which depended on new investments were European Journal of Archaeology 21 (1) 2018, This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons AttributionNonCommercial-ShareAlike licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the same Creative Commons licence is included and the original work is properly cited. The written permission of Cambridge University Press must be obtained for commercial re-use. (Eogan, 2010;Parga-Dans, 2010). In other countries (such as Poland) the quality of archaeological work decreased (Marciniak & Pawleta, 2010). Today, archaeology and archaeologists find themselves in a new market reality. While the effective communication of the value of archaeology for understanding ourselves and our society has always been important, it has also been greatly magnified by the crisis. Therefore, the ideas championed by the public and community archaeology domains are even more critical within archaeological practice (see Merriman, 2004;Högberg, 2007; Madsuda & Okamura, 2011; Kajda et al., 2015;van den Dries, 2015). Other factors, such as institutional crises (Marciniak, 2015), denationalization of heritage policy and practice, the growing importance of multinational enterprises (Willems, 2014), greater emphasis on the human rights perspective on memory and identity (Hodder, 2010), or the relationship of heritage to well-being and quality of life (Abel et al., 2010) also have an increased influence on archaeological research. These multifaceted developments have been identified among practitioners in the field as a reflection of more general transformations with...

2 Este texto parte de las ideas defendidas por el primer autor en el VII Congreso Nacional de Prospectiva del Perú, organizado por Fernando Ortega, del CONCYTEC, y celebrado en Cusco entre el 10 y 11 de septiembre de 2009, complementadas con las ideas sustentadas por el segundo autor. ResumenEn el presente texto se destacan algunos rasgos sobre el valor actual del patrimonio cultural, la situación de los estudios de investigación y gestión de dicho patrimonio, la necesidad de conjugar múltiples perspectivas y narrativas en la interpretación de éste, la conveniencia de establecer un sistema ordenado de diálogo entre todos los intereses y perspectivas que en él confluyen, la interacción de los proyectos patrimoniales con las comunidades y, en definitiva, la construcción de un patrimonio público. 2Palabras claves: patrimonio cultural -patrimonio público -cultura material -estudios culturales -arqueología pública.Abstract This text deals with the present value of cultural heritage and successively considers: the current situation of studies about research and management of this heritage, the needs to combine multiperspective and multi-narrative approaches for its interpretation, the advantage for establishing an arrangement to promote dialog between different interests and perspectives, the interaction of heritage projects with local communities and, therefore, the project to build up a public heritage.Key words: cultural heritage -public heritage -material culturecultural studies -public archaeology.Recibido: noviembre 2012. Aceptado: febrero 2013. D IntroducciónEn este trabajo vamos a plantear algunas consideraciones sobre la concepción y pragmática del patrimonio cultural (al que nos referiremos, en lo sucesivo y casi siempre, como "patrimonio") agrupando cuatro tipos de argumentos principales. Primero, sobre el concepto y definición de patrimonio. Después, examinando las cualidades que se sedimentan sobre el patrimonio. A continuación, revisando las consecuencias de todo ello para la pragmá-tica del patrimonio. Y finalmente, identificando algunas prioridades de estudio y trabajo en relación con los bienes patrimoniales. D ConceptoArqueología, antropología, etnografía, etnología, historia, historia del arte, arquitectura, estudios culturales, semiótica, historia de la ciencia, restauración… todas estas prácticas tienen que reformularse para abordar el patrimonio como objeto de trabajo y para adaptarse a las necesidades teórico-prácticas que éste plantea. La noción de patrimonio es central a todas ellas, aun cuando su vertiente más académica (en cierto modo, la más distante de la realidad del patrimonio) no lo tenga en cuenta, o incluso, rechace explícitamente esta idea. Podríamos ir más allá: la noción de patrimonio es hoy central a la experiencia y circunstancias de nuestras sociedades mulFelipe Criado-Boado

ResumenSe presenta una reflexión que intenta contribuir a la plena integración de la arqueología en una estrategia de

This paper explores the transformation of heritage values from a critical perspective. The de-authorising conceptual shift in cultural heritage has not always been accompanied by a revitalisation of the dynamics of valorisation. To achieve the integration of multivocal discourses in sustainable preservation strategies, experts and academics need to work with methods that enable this to happen. This article presents a methodological analysis articulated through three different case studies that bring new experiences regarding the decolonisation of knowledge in the field of heritage values, addressing different aspects of the social dimension of cultural heritage. The first deals with contestation processes associated with productive winemaking traditions in the Rias Baixas, Galicia, Spain. The second case addresses the rebellious Paris of the Commune and the narratives associated with the valorisation of the traces that it has left in the city’s landscape. Finally, the third case analyses the values that come into play when citizens’ participation governs the transformation of an archaeological site in Barcelona. To conclude, we reflect on the idea of sustainability as a way of listening to, sharing and co-creating knowledge connected to communities.