A comprehensive review of the outcomes associated with work-to-family conflict was conducted and effect sizes were estimated. Atypology was presented that grouped outcomes into 3 categories: work related, nonwork related, and stress related. Issues concerning the measurement of work-family conflict were also discussed. The results demonstrate the widespread and serious consequences associated with work-to-family conflict. On the basis of the results of the review, an agenda for future research was provided.

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Chinese people generally show flexibility in obeying formal rules and emphasize rules in terms of virtue. In such a cultural background, we explore the effects of ethical leadership and ethical idealism on employee pro-social rule breaking behavior (PSRB). Our study incorporates individual traits and situational factors to present a holistic view of the antecedents of pro-social rule breaking behavior. Our findings shed light on a new cognitive mechanism, perceived norms, of social cognitive theory and show the boundary condition, moral idealism, of social cognitive theory.

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