No abstract

The purpose of this investigation was to determine if training isometrically with electrical stimulation (ES) alone would significantly increase isometric strength of the quadriceps femoris muscle. The relationships between the strength changes and the relative force and duration of training contractions were also studied. An experimental group (Group 1) and a control group (Group 2), 12 subjects in each, underwent pretesting and posttesting to obtain their maximum voluntary isometric contractions (MVICs). Group 1 trained with maximally tolerable isometric contractions induced by ES, three days a week for four weeks. Results showed that although both groups demonstrated increases in isometric strength of their quadriceps femoris muscles, training isometrically with ES produced a significantly greater increase (p less than .01) than not training with ES. The relative strength improvement in Group 1 was positively and significantly correlated with training-contraction intensity and duration. The relative increase in isometric strength, using only ES, may be determined by the ability of the subjects to tolerate longer and more forceful contractions. Suggestions for further research and implications for the clinical use of ES for strength-training are discussed.

Normal muscular control of the scapula is important for activities involving upper extremity (UE) elevation. The upper and lower trapezius and the serratus anterior muscles have important and specific roles in upward rotation of the scapula during UE elevation.2,3,18,28 Muscular dysfunction, including weakness of scapulothoracic muscles, 9 has been implicated in disorders such as shoulder (subacromial) impingement and rotator cuff strain. Shoulder pain due to these disorders has been associated with significantly reduced health.

An intensive, progressive exercise program combined with education reduces disability and improves function in patients who have undergone a single-level lumbar microdiskectomy.

T T CONCLUSION:The results of the present study demonstrate preferential activation of the superior portion of the gluteus maximus during exercises that incorporate elements of hip abduction and/ or external rotation. In contrast, exercises that primarily involve hip extension target both portions of the gluteus maximus to a similar extent.