Objective
Continuation and maintenance ECT (c‐/m‐ECT) are effective in the prevention of relapse and recurrence of both affective and psychotic disorders. However, data are scarce concerning the trajectories of severe mental disorders after the end of c‐/m‐ECT. This prospective study investigates the clinical outcome of patients with versus without modifications of their c‐/m‐ECT schedules.
Methods
In the context of the COVID‐19 pandemic, ECT capacities were restricted at many clinics in early 2020. All patients receiving c‐/m‐ECT in March and April 2020 at our department (
n
= 53, unipolar depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia) were followed up for six months to investigate the impact of treatment modifications imposed by the pandemic. Based on individual decisions, c‐/m‐ECT was either (a) continued without modification, (b) continued with reduced frequency, or (c) discontinued.
Results
Both reduced frequency and discontinuation of c‐/m‐ECT were associated with significant clinical deterioration as measured by CGI‐I (Clinical Global Impression Scale ‐ Global Improvement) during the six‐month follow‐up when compared to the subgroup of patients without any treatment modification (
p
= 0.005,
p
= 0.011). Furthermore, patients with discontinued or reduced c‐/m‐ECT showed significantly higher rates of rehospitalizations (
p
= 0.028) and new acute courses of ECT (
p
= 0.018).
Conclusion
Despite the limitations of a heterogeneous and relatively small sample, our study strongly corroborates the effectiveness of c‐/m‐ECT in a real‐world population. Especially, patients with shorter time since index ECT seem to be at high risk for severe clinical deterioration in the case of treatment discontinuation or reduction.
Zusammenfassung. Hintergrund und Zielsetzung: Die Elektrokonvulsionstherapie (EKT) ist ein hoch wirksames und in der Erwachsenenpsychiatrie gut untersuchtes Therapieverfahren, das gerade bei schwerwiegenden depressiven und psychotischen Erkrankungen erfolgreich eingesetzt wird. Obwohl schwere Krankheitsverläufe auch im kinder- und jugendpsychiatrischen Bereich vorkommen, erfolgt ein Einsatz der EKT hier deutlich seltener. Dies liegt womöglich auch daran, dass kaum systematisch erhobene Daten zur Anwendung, Wirksamkeit und Verträglichkeit der EKT bei kinder- und jugendpsychiatrischen Patient_innen existieren. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist die Untersuchung und Darstellung von Krankheitsverläufen unter EKT-Behandlung im kinder- und jugendpsychiatrischen Bereich und damit eine Vergrößerung der bestehenden Datenbasis zu diesem Thema. Methoden: Es erfolgte eine retrospektive Erhebung zur EKT bei unter 18-jährigen Patient_innen an drei deutschen universitären Zentren. Hier wurden alle dokumentierten Fälle erfasst und auf Wirksamkeit und Verträglichkeit hin untersucht. Darüber hinaus erfolgte eine umfassende PubMed-basierte Datenbankrecherche. Ergebnisse und Schlussfolgerungen: International existieren keine Meta-Analysen oder kontrollierte randomisierte Studien und aus Deutschland kaum veröffentlichte Fälle zum Thema Elektrokonvulsionstherapie in der Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie. Unsere Daten zur EKT bei 29 12- bis 17-jährigen Patient_innen zeigen eine gute Wirksamkeit. Nebenwirkungen traten selten auf. Es ergaben sich keine Hinweise auf Unterschiede bezüglich Indikation (Depression, Katatonie, Schizophrenie), Wirksamkeit, negative Prädiktoren und Verträglichkeit einer EKT zwischen erwachsenen und minderjährigen Patient_innen. Die Ergebnisse deuten zudem darauf hin, dass der Einsatz der EKT bei Adoleszenten früher im therapeutischen Prozess in Erwägung gezogen werden sollte.
ObjectiveElectroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a well-established, safe, and efficacious treatment for severe psychiatric disorders. In children and adolescents, it is used much less frequently than in adults, likely because of a lack of knowledge.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed all patients aged 12 to 17 years who completed a course of ECT at 3 psychiatric university hospitals in Germany between 2010 and 2020. Clinical Global Impression Severity (CGI-S) scores were assessed based on electronic medical records. Changes in CGI-S scores were assessed using a paired samples t test. Predictors for response and remission were assessed using binomial logistic regression.ResultsWe included 32 patients. The CGI-S scores improved significantly from before to after ECT treatment (6.9 vs 3.9, t = 10.0, P < 0.01). A total of 40.6% of patients responded (CGI ≤ 3) and 21.9% remitted (CGI ≤ 2). The number of ineffective medication trials in the 6 months before ECT treatment was significantly associated with response (odds ratio, 0.54; P = 0.028) and remission (odds ratio, 0.31; P = 0.048). Five patients reported subjective cognitive adverse effects, 2 patients exhibited a prolonged seizure, 1 patient reported headaches, and 1 patient experienced a mild allergic reaction after anesthesia with etomidate. A total of 65.6% of patients experienced no adverse effects at all.ConclusionsThis retrospective analysis found ECT to be effective and safe in children and adolescents irrespective of their main diagnosis. The reported data point to the importance of an early use of ECT for severe psychiatric diseases in child and adolescent psychiatry.
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