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Background:Cisplatin is well-known anticancer drug often been used for treatment of various human malignancies. The hepatotoxic or nephrotoxic effect of drug is a result of altered histological and antioxidant status of the organ. In order to document the extent of cisplatin (CDDP) effect on liver we have studied long term treatment of cisplatin (CDDP) to rat. In our previous studies we have demonstrated changes in reduced glutathione (GSH) and glutathione related enzymes of liver followed by increased lipid peroxidation process. Materials: Light microscopy (LM) was carried out in liver tissue by haematoxylin and eosin staining. Electron microscopy was performed by staining with uranil acetate and lead citrate. Results: Recent reports depicts that CDDP treatment caused significant alteration at histopathological level showing increased vacuolation in hepatocytes. A noticeable change observed after drug treatment is large perilobular connective and expanded portal spaces. Morphological alterations after transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed heterochromatic border in nucleus followed by prescence of large agglutinations of lysosomes, numerous rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and mitochondria has been observed as one of the significant effect of drug. Conclusion: Thus cytoarchitectural studies signify that long term of CDDP intervention at 0.4 mg/kg/day/animal caused least damage to liver.

The rapid developments in the field of genomics and proteomics are expected to lead to a further increase in the potential for early diagnosis, the fine-tuning of prognostic features of specific tumors and the detection of cancer predisposition. Oncogenomics has identified new drug targets for genotype-specific treatments and provided strategies to validate these targets and to develop drugs. With the potential need to stratify patients by genotype, clinical testing of targeted drugs has become more complicated while expectations of patients, investors, and funding agencies have become accelerated. Oncogenomics has progressed logically from molecular profiling to model systems, cancer pharmacology and clinical trials. Oncogenomics covers cutting-edge issues such as array-based diagnostics, pharmacogenomics, pharmacoproteomics and molecularly targeted therapeutics includes discussions of ethical, legal, and social issues related to cancer genomics and clinical trials.

Vincristine is major player in front line

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