No abstract

No abstract

The western mesoregion of the state of Santa Catarina (SC), Southern Brazil, was heavily affected as a whole by the COVID-19 pandemic in early 2021. This study aimed to evaluate the dynamics of the SARS-CoV-2 virus spreading patterns in the SC state from March 2020 to April 2021 using genomic surveillance. During this period, there were 23 distinct variants, including Beta and Gamma, among which the Gamma and related lineages were predominant in the second pandemic wave within SC. A regionalization of P.1-like-II in the Western SC region was observed, concomitant to the increase in cases, mortality, and the case fatality rate (CFR) index. This is the first evidence of the regionalization of the SARS-CoV-2 transmission in SC and it highlights the importance of tracking the variants, dispersion, and impact of SARS-CoV-2 on the public health systems.

COVID-19 has assumed significant and lasting proportions worldwide. Following initial cases in the Western mesoregion, the State of Santa Catarina (SC), southern Brazil, was heavily affected as a whole by the pandemic in early 2021. This study aimed to evaluate the dynamics of the SARS-CoV-2 virus spreading patterns in the SC state through March 2020 to April 2021 using genomic surveillance. During this period, 23 distinct variants, including two VOCs (Beta and Gamma) were identified, among which, the Gamma and related lineages were predominant in the second pandemic wave within SC. However, a regionalization of P.1-like-II in the Western region was observed, concomitant to the increase in cases, mortality, and case fatality rate (CFR) index. This is the first evidence of the regionalization of the SARS-CoV-2 transmission in the and highlight the importance of tracking variants, dispersion and their impact of SARS-CoV-2 on the public health system in Brazilian states.

O surgimento de patógenos ao longo da história evolutiva que utilizam vias ambientais de infecção/contaminação denotou a necessidade das ferramentas de monitoramento. Em meio a pandemia de COVID-19, causada pelo vírus SARS-CoV-2, a detecção do RNA viral no esgoto bruto tornou-se possível e útil como uma ferramenta epidemiológica, já que o vírus é excretado pelas fezes humanas. Métodos focados na detecção do RNA viral (técnicas baseadas em biologia molecular) e de partículas virais infecciosas (por cultura celular) foram utilizados para a detecção do SARS-CoV-2 em amostras de secreção de pacientes infectados. O monitoramento se mostra eficaz para compreender a circulação de vírus que utilizam rota fecal-oral, podendo antecipar futuros surtos em regiões específicas. Além disso, possibilita a observação das mutações e variantes em circulação num dado momento, através do sequenciamento. Este capítulo é um reporte das bases da ferramenta epidemiológica para o monitoramento viral em esgoto sanitário implementada pelo Laboratório de Virologia Aplicada da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, denominado “VigEAI” - Vigilância Epidemiológica Ambiental Integrativa.