Background and Aim: Slaughterhouses and their effluents could serve as a "hotspot" for the occurrence and distribution of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the environment. This study aimed to understand the distribution of tetracycline resistance genes in Escherichia coli isolated from the floor surface and effluent samples of pig slaughterhouses in Banten Province, Indonesia. Materials and Methods: Ten samples, each from floor surface swabs and effluents, were collected from 10 pig slaughterhouses in Banten Province. Escherichia coli strains were isolated and identified by referring to the protocol of the Global Tricycle Surveillance extended-spectrum beta-lactamase E. coli from the WHO (2021). Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to detect the tet genes. Results: The tetA, tetB, tetC, tetM, tetO, and tetX genes were distributed in the isolates from the floor surface samples, and the tetA, tetC, tetE, tetM, tetO, and tetX genes were distributed in the isolates from the effluent samples. The tetO gene (60%) was the most dominant gene in the isolates from floor surface samples, while the tetA gene was the dominant one in the isolates from the effluent samples (50%). The tetA + tetO gene combination was the dominant pattern (15%) in the E. coli isolates. Conclusion: The high prevalence and diversity of the tet genes in floor surface and effluent samples from pig slaughterhouses in Banten Province indicated that the transmission of the tet genes had occurred from pigs to the environment; thus, this situation should be considered a serious threat to public health. Keywords: effluent, Escherichia coli, pig slaughterhouse, tet gene, tetracycline resistance.
Setiap susu memiliki kualitas yang berbeda tergantung dari sifat fisik, kimia, dan sifat mikrobiologisnya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kualitas fisik, kimia dan mikrobiologi susu pada peternakan sapi perah di Kecamatan Caringin, Kabupaten Bogor. Sampel susu berasal dari tiga peternakan sapi perah di Kecamatan Caringin, Kabupaten Bogor. Sifat fisik yang diamati yaitu pH dan berat jenis. Sifat kimia yang diamati yaitu BKTL, kadar protein, kadar lemak dan laktosa diuji menggunakan Lactoscan Milk Analyzer. Sifat mikrobiologi yaitu Total Plate Count (TPC) dan jumlah S. aureus metode pengujiannya mengacu kepada SNI 2897:2008. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kualitas sifat fisik dan kimia susu sapi pada ketiga peternakan sapi perah di Kecamatan Caringin, Kabupaten Bogor memenuhi SNI 3141.1: 2011. Kualitas mikrobiologi TPC pada peternakan A dan B memenuhi SNI 3141.1:2011 yaitu peternakan A 1,9 x 105 CFU/ml dan peternakan B 2,6 x 105 CFU/ml, sedangkan peternakan C tidak memenuhi SNI 3141.1:2011 dengan hasil rataan TPC 2,2 x 106 CFU/ml. Begitu juga dengan jumlah S. aureus pada susu di peternakan A, B dan C tidak memenuhi SNI 3141.1: 2011. Rataan jumlah S. aureus pada peternakan A yaitu 1,3 x 103 CFU/ml, peternakan B 1,4 x 103 CFU/ml dan peternakan C 2,4 x 103CFU/ml. Susu sapi dari ketiga peternakan sapi perah di Kecamatan Caringin, Kabupaten Bogor masih layak untuk dikonsumsi dengan pemanasan terlebih dahulu sebelum dikonsumsi untuk membunuh cemaran mikrob di dalamnya.
Hand sanitizer komersial mengandung alkohol 60-70% lebih tinggi dibandingkan bir, anggur atau liquor lain serta mengandung zat triclosan. Zat triclosan dapat menyebabkan bakteri beradaptasi dengan sifat antimikroba. Penggunaan alkohol pada hand sanitizer terlalu sering dapat menyebabkan iritasi pada tangan, selain itu memiliki potensi tertelan secara tidak sengaja oleh manusia. Cacalincingan (Oxalis barrelieri L.) memiliki kandungan senyawa antibakteri yang dapat digunakan sebagai bahan dasar hand sanitizer tanpa alkohol. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah tanaman cacalincingan (Oxalis barrelieri L.) dapat digunakan sebagai bahan dasar hand sanitizer tanpa alkohol. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan proses pengambilan ekstrak tanaman cacalincingan dengan menggunakan pelarut ethanol. Hasil ekstrasi akan diencerkan dengan larutan aquades menjadi 6 konsentrasi yang berbeda yaitu 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% dan 30%. Kemudian dilakukan pengujian terhadap daya hambat bakteri menggunakan isolat lapangan yang ada pada tangan dengan metode difusi sumuran. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA dengan uji taraf 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa campuran ekstrak cacalincingan 25% yang ditambahkan minyak essensial jeruk memiliki hasil terbaik daripada ekstrak cacalincingan murni dengan hasil uji hambatan sebesar 16,55 mm dan masuk dalam kategori kuat. Hal ini menunjukkan tanaman cacalincingan dapat digunakan sebagai bahan dasar hand sanitizer tanpa alkohol.
Health and environmental effect of diet are currently a considerable factors regarding sustainable development goals. Incorporation of bioactive phytochemicals in yogurt deliver extra beneficial properties for health. The present study asses antidiabetic activity through α-glucosidase inhibition, physical, chemical, microbiological quality and organoleptic attributes of cow’s milk yogurt enhanced with Cinnamon, Fenugreek and Aloe vera extract. An amount of 1% ethanol herbs extracts were added after incubation of cow milk with starter culture. Results showed that yogurt with Cinnamon extract has the highest performance with 97.79% α-glucosidase inhibition, in line with the highest activity of Cinnamon extract itself with IC50 35.37 ppm, whereas yogurt with Aloe vera and Fenugreek have respectively 11.17 and 10.16%. There were no activity in the used of two and three combination of extracts in yogurt. Physical, chemical and microbiological quality of all treatments were significantly different but in a good value with pH value 3.80-4.12, total Lactic Acid Bacteria 7.9-8.12 log CFU/mL, titratable acidity 1.06-1.17%, viscosity 210-286 cP, and water acivity 0.96-0.99. Overall acceptance score showed that panelists rather like all the treatments except yogurt with fenugreek extract.
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